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الأحد، 28 أغسطس 2016

Using SPSS For Windows ...

Using SPSS For Windows

Using-SPSS-for-Windows.pdf 
Data Analysis and Graphics

Second Edition

With 105 Figures 

Susan B. Gerber 
State University of  New York
 Graduate School of Education 
Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
gerber@buffalo.edu

Kristin Voelkl Finn 
Canisius College 
Graduate Education 
and Leadership Department 
Buffalo, NY 14208 USA 
finnk@canisius.edu


Preface

  This book is a self-teaching guide to the SPSS for Windows computer application. It is designed to be used with SPSS version 13.0, although many of the procedures are also applicable to earlier versions of SPSS. The step-by-step format of this manual “walks” the reader through numerous examples, illustrating how to use the application. The results produced in SPSS are shown and discussed in most examples. Each chapter demonstrates statistical procedures and provides exercises to reinforce the text examples.

  This book may be used in two ways – as a stand-alone manual for a student learning to use SPSS for Windows or in a course together with a basic statistics text. As a stand-alone manual, it is assumed that the reader is familiar with the basic ideas of quantitative data and statistical analysis. Thus, statistical terminology is used without providing extensive definitions. Most of the applications in this book are self-explanatory, although the reader will need to refer to a text for extensive discussion of statistical theory and procedures. 

   This book can also be an invaluable part of an undergraduate or graduate statistics course with a computer component and can be used easily with any elementary statistics book (e.g., The New Statistical Analysis of Data by Anderson and Finn, Elements of Statistical Inference by Huntsberger and Billingsley, Understanding Statistics by Mendenhall and Ott, or Introduction to the Practice of Statistics by Moore and McCabe). This manual provides handson experience with data sets, illustrates the results of each type of analysis described, and offers exercises for students to complete as homework assignments. The data sets used as examples are of general interest and come from many fields, for example, education, psychology, sociology, health, and sports. An instructor may choose to use the exercises as additional class assignments or in computer laboratory sessions. Complete answers to the exercises are available to instructors from the publisher.

  Chapter 1 of this guide describes how to start the SPSS application and how to create, upload, and manipulate data files. Chapters 2 through 6 address descriptive statistics, and chapters 10 through 15 address inferential statistics. Chapters 7 through 9 discuss probability and are included primarily to illustrate the bridge between descriptive and inferential statistics. If this manual is used strictly to teach (or learn) SPSS, these chapters may not be relevant.


  This manual uses SPSS for Windows, Version 13.0. System requirements include: Microsoft Windows 98, Me, NT® 4.0, 2000 or XP operating system, Pentium®-class processor, 200MB hard drive space (for the SPSS Base only), at least 128MB RAM, and an SVGA monitor. Information on installing SPSS is provided with the software. The application includes a comprehensive Help facility; the user need only click on Help on the main menu bar within the open application.

  Information on obtaining data files used in this manual are posted on the Springer-Verlag website, at http://www.springeronline.com.

Buffalo, New York 
Susan B. Gerber Kristin Voelkl Finn 

Part I

Introduction

Chapter 1

The Nature of SPSS

1.1 GETTING STARTED WITH SPSS FOR WINDOWS 

  Windows SPSS for Windows is a versatile computer package that will perform a wide variety of statistical procedures. When using SPSS, you will encounter several types of windows. The window with which you are working at any given time is called the active window. Four types of windows are: 

  Data Editor Window. This window shows the contents of the current data file. A blank data editor window automatically opens when you start SPSS for Windows; only one data window can be open at a time. From this window, you may create new data files or modify existing ones.

   Output Viewer Window. This window displays the results of any statistical procedures you run, such as descriptive statistics or frequency distributions. All tables and charts are also displayed in this window. The viewer window automatically opens when you create output. 

  Chart Editor Window. In this window, you can modify charts and plots. For instance, you can rotate axes, change the colors of charts, select different fonts, and rotate three-dimensional scatter plots.

  Syntax Editor Window. You will use this window if you wish to use SPSS syntax to run commands instead of clicking on the pull-down menus. An advantage to this method is that it allows you to perform special features of SPSS that are not available through dialog boxes. Syntax is also an excellent way to keep a record of your analyses. 

  To start an SPSS session, select SPSS from the programs submenu on the Windows Start menu. Figure 1.1 shows what the screen will look like when SPSS for Windows first opens... 





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