Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Natural-Disaster Management Cycle
Natarajan Krishnamoorthi
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology (SET),
Periyar ManiammaiUuniversity, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-3 , 2016 - pp 144 - 154
Abstract :
Disasters are inevitable in nature, and recouping of damage is almost impossible. The main objective of this study is to assess and review the current applications of Remote Sensing (RE) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in disaster management cycle. It provides the fascinated researchers a starting point to identify prospective research directions in the field of disaster management and help to revive relevant issues concerning about disaster risk. RE and GIS is potentially applicable to address various issue and manage policies for all phases in disaster management cycle. Visualization capabilities, generation of real-time data of these technologies have increased the attention and utility of these systems by experts of various committees. These systems generate data over a large area anywhere in the earth, irrespective of the nature of the locality and provide precise, regular and almost instantaneous information. Integration of GIS with Remote Sensing technology acts as a tool to solve complex planning and management problems and support decision making in disaster management cycle.
1. Introduction
Throughout the World in the recent past, whether it is a natural hazard or by the intervention of human activities, disasters have become an issue of rising alarm [11]. Natural disasters are intense events within our global system, which brings forth major changes in the environment over a short period of time. The outcome of which leads to injury or death of living organisms, smash up of expensive properties such as communication system, physical infrastructure and loss of natural wealth such as agricultural land, environment, forests, etc [14]. They have a profound impact on the socio-economic system of a Nation. Depending on the nature of the disaster, the impacts may be swift or slow as in case of earthquake and drought respectively [1]. According to the frequency and magnitude of occurrence, disaster may vary in their trigger, duration, scale and necessary actions
Natural disasters arise in many parts of the earth, and each type of disasters is confined to particular regions. It have been estimated that more than 95 percent of all deaths in developing countries were due to natural disasters. These places are particularly vulnerable to disasters because of densely packed population and poor infrastructures which gets coupled with unbalanced landforms and continuous exposure to severe weather changes.
For the past four decades, disaster events such as floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms, etc, have caused a great havoc to livelihoods and brought down the socio-economic status of a country apart from severe damage to the environment. These catastrophic events clearly swab out years of urban development by demolishing the buildings and other infrastructures and killing thousands to millions of people (Raheem et al.,2000). One such example which caused an immense loss to lives and properties is the 2011 Tsunami in Japan.
2. Classification of Disasters
It is very essential to get insight knowledge on the differences between the terms disaster and hazard. Hazard is defined as a potentially damaging phenomenon. For example when earthquake occurs in abandoned places, it is not considered as a disaster. Instead if it occurs in a inhabited area and brings greatloss, damage or destruction, then it is called a disaster. There are several ways used to classify the different types of disaster. One such possible classification is between:
Natural Disasters are the events which takes place purely by natural phenomena and results in heavy loss to livelihoods and societies (example: earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions,etc). Man-made disasters are the events which occur due to human activities such as pollution, nuclear accidents, industrial chemical accidents, oil spills, major armed conflicts, etc.
6. Conclusions
This paper presents a general review on utilization of remote sensing and GIS for natural disaster management cycle. Remote sensing can be potentially employed to address various aspects of disaster management cycle. Rather focusing only on emergency response, it is essential to consider all facets of disaster management. Remotely sensed data extend their support to disaster management organizations via providing relevant and accurate information in a temporally, spectrally and spatially significant context. In addition to it, one should tailor the technologies owing to remote sensing to fulfill the desired requirements of the disaster organization. It is necessary to examine and evaluate the so far accomplished work in relevant fields of various natural and manmade disasters. This could guide to identify the thrust areas and pave necessary way for future research.
9. References
1. Alexander, D. (1993). Natural disasters.
UCL Press Ltd., University College
London, 632 pp.
2. Barnes P., (2002). Approaches to
community safety: Risk perception and
social meaning. Australian Journal of
Emergency Management, 17 (1), 15-23 .
3. Burby, R. J., Robert E. Doyle, David R.
Godschalk, & Robert B. Olshansky.
2000. "Creating Hazard Resilient
Communities through Land-Use
Planning." Natural Hazards Review, 1
(2): 99-106.
4. Dano Umar Lawal, Abdul-Nasir Matori,
Ahmad Mustafa Hashim, Imtiaz Ahmed
Chandio, Soheil Sabri, Abdul-Lateef
Balogun and Haruna Ahmed Abba.
(2011). Geographic information System
and Remote Sensing Applications in
Flood Hazards Management: A Review.
Research Journal Of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 3(9): 933-
947.
5. Dr. Satendra, Vinod k Sharma. (2004).
Sustainable Rural Development for
Disaster Mitigation. ISBN: 8180690717
6. Dr. Vijay Bahuguna, Dr. Sudhanshu
Joshi, Dr. Deshmukh, N. K., Parag
Bhalchandra. (2013). Assessment of role
of GIS for natural disaster management:
a critical review. International journal of
Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology. 2(10).
7. Gregg, C. E., Houghton, B. F., Paton, D.,
Johnston, D., & Charles, C. (2006). In:
Disaster Resilience: An Integrated
Approach. Natural Hazards. Thomas
Publishers Ltd, Springfield, 19- 39.
8. Hewitt, K., & Burton, I. (1971). The
Hazardousness of a Place: A Regional
Ecology of Damage Events, University of
Toronto Press.
9. Karen E. Joyce, Kim C. Wright, Sergey V.
Samsonov and Vincent G. Ambrosia.
(2009). Remote sensing and the disaster
management cycle. Advances in
Geoscience and Remote Sensing, book
edited by Gary Jedlovec, ISBN 978-953-
307-005-6 .
10. Maya Nand Jha, Jason Levy and Yang
Gao. 2008. Advances in Remote Sensing
for Oil Spill Disaster Management: State
of the Art Sensors Technology for Oil
Spill Surveillance. Sensors. 8(1), 236-
255.
11. Olalekan Mumin Bello, Yusuf Adedoyin
Aina, (2014). Satellite Remote Sensing
as a Tool in Disaster Management and
Sustainable Development: Towards a
Synergesic Approach”, Procedia – Social
and Behavioural Sciences. 120. 365-373 .
12. Quarantelli, E. L. (1997). Ten criteria for
evaluating the management of
community disasters. Disasters, 21 (1),
39 -56 .
13. Raheem, U. A., Olorunfemi, F. B.,
Awotayo, G. P., Tunde, A. M. & Usman,
B. A. (2013). Disaster Risk Management
and Social Impact Assessment:
Understanding Preparedness, Response
and Recovery in Community Projects. In
Environmental Change and
Sustainability, Silvern, S. and Young, S.
(eds.) Published by Intec Publications,
Rijeka, Crotia.259 – 274.
14. Van Westen, C. J. 2000, Remote
Sensing For Natural Disaster
Management, International Archives of
Photogrammetry And Remote Sensing.
Vol XXXVIII, part B7, Amsterdam.
15. Vijayaraghavan, C., Dr. Thirumalaivasan,
D., Dr. Venkatesan, R. (2012). Utilization
of Remote Sensing and GIS in Managing
Disasters- A Review. International
Journal of Scientific and Engineering
Research, 3(1).
Full Text
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق