المناخ - محدداته - وعلاقته بتصميم المساكن بمدينة جدة
د. ﻓﺎﻳﺪه ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮﻗﺮي
أستاذ الجغرافية المناخية التطبيقية المساعد
بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز
كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية – قسم الجغرافيا
المملكة العربية السعودية
المجلة المصرية للتغير البيئي - العد الثالث - 2011م - ص ص 43 - 71:
Abstract
Climate is the most important determinants .of urban design for housing in different regions Jeddah city has a special natural climatic determents must be considered when designing housing where it affects a significant impact in shaping the built environment. Hence this research deals with the climatic determinants affecting the housing design in the study area to obtain appropriate solutions to the needs and requirements of the population to provide thermal comfort inside the home. To achieve this goals, the study dealt with climate determinants which affecting the design house represented in solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity and wind to determine the impact of these determinants in house design in terms of the best direction of the home, color, shape, track, roofs, walls, and building .materials used in all home different components.
This study aims to identify the determinants of climate affecting the urban design of buildings that fit the temperature conditions of the study area and provides a thermal comfort inside the home. The research also designed to try to propose some solutions and treatments of climate that can be followed to reduce the leakage of heat into the buildings and therefore achieve thermal comfort .inside the home.
The study was based on climate data issued by the General Presidency of Meteorology and Environmental Protection during the period from 1970 - 2009. The study also depend on field visit of the residential buildings in Jeddah city in different neighborhoods in order to determine the reality of patterns of common housing design through the selection of a random sample of housing in 50% of Jeddah municipality recorded according to scientific methods used in the selection of the random sample.
The study concluded that there are climatic determinants influenced the housing design in ,Jeddah city which represented in solar radiation temperature, and winds. The study has been shown that climatic determents are not-observance in the housing desing.
This study recommended to taking into account the impact of these determinants on the design of buildings and housing in accordance with the conditions and determinants of thermal climate in Jeddah city to provide greater comfort and amount of .energy consumed in the cold and air conditioning.
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