Eastern Desert of Egypt Field Conference
Feb. 17- 23, 2007 Informal Field Guide
The East African Orogen (EAO) marks one of earth’s greatest collision zones, a global feature in space (about 6000 km long where it is preserved in Africa and Antarctica; Fig. 1) and in time (350 million years of evolution) (Stern, 1994). The EAO formed when fragments of East and West Gondwana collided, beginning ~630 Ma ago (Meert, 2003). The southern part of the EAO is also known as the Mozambique Belt and is thought to be where the most intense continent-continent collision occurred. The Mozambique Belt is thus dominated by deformed, metamorphosed, and anatectically reworked older crust
Figure 2: Simplified map of the Arabian-Nubian shield. Basement outcrops are white, Phanerozoic cover is shown in yellow. Structural trends are highlighted; ophiolitic rocks are shown in black and gneissic rocks shown in stipple. From (Johnson and Woldehaimanot, 2003).
Figure 8 : Structural compilation map of the Neoproterozoic basement in the Eastern
Desert of Egypt, from (Greiling et al., 1994). Most of the tier 1 gneissic units in the
northern part of the map area form structural culminations, whereas a number of
gneissic units in the south form fault-bounded slices or horsts, imbricated into tier 2 low
grade successions. For the sake of clarity the tier 1 gneisses are shown without their
internal structural grain, which is usually discontinuous across the margins and more
complex than that of the surrounding tier 2.
Fig. 9: Geology of the region west of Safaga, just north of the transition between the NE
and Central Eastern Deserts. Region shown in Fig. 10 is G.Nuqrah and region to the
west, just west of Safaga.
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