LIMNOLOGICAL STUDY
OF DIYALA RIVER, IRAQ
Prof. F. M. Hassan1
Prof. N. A, J. Al- Zubaidi2
Researcher. O. S. Youssef2
1Dept. Biol., Coll. Sci. for Women, Univ. of Baghdad
2 Dep. Biol., Coll. Educ. Pure Science for Women, Univ. Diyala
fikrat@csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences –2012:49(3):452-462
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and biological (epiphytic algae) properties of Diyala river. Eighteen environmental parameters were selected in addition to the qualitative study of epiphytic algae (total number of algae and chlorophyll a). Two macrophytes (Phragmites australis and Certatophyllum demersum) were selected for the benthic study. The results showed that the river was alkaline, very hard, brackish water and good aerated. The trophic level is ranged from oligotrophic to mesotrophic according to the results of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a. The study revealed that the upper part of the river differed in its properties from the middle and the lower part in the environmental characteristics and the Algal benthic quantities.
Key words: benthic algae, environmental factors, lotic systems, trophic level, limnology.
دراسة لمنولوجية لنهر ديالى - العراق
الأستاذ نجم عبد الله جمعة الزبيدي
قسم علوم الحياة – كلية العلوم للبنات- جامعة بغداد, العراق
الأستاذ فكرت مجيد حسن
قسم علوم الحياة – كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة, جامعة ديالى, العراق
الباحث عمر شعلان يوسف
قسم علوم الحياة – كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة, جامعة ديالى, العراق
مجلة العلوم الزراعية العراقية -2012: 44(3:)452-462
المستخلص
أجريت هذه الدراسة لتقيم الخصائص الكيميائية والفيزيائية والبايولوجية (الطحالب الملتصقة على النباتات (لمياه نهر ديالى لمياه نهر ديالى اختيرت ثمان عشر عاملاً بيئياً بالإضافة إلى دراسة كمية للطحالب الملتصقة (العدد الكمي و الكموروفيل أ). و اختيرت نباتيين (القصب والشمبلان) لدراسة الطحالب الملتصقة عليها. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة بأن مياه النهر قاعدية و عسرة جدا و ذات تهوية جيدة. حالة العناصرالغذائية فيها تتراوح بين فقيرة ومتوسطة الحالة بالاعتماد على نتائج الفسفور الكمي والنتروجين الكمي والكموروفيل أ. استنتجت الدراسة بأن أعالي النهر تختلف بخصائصها البيئية عن الوسط وأسفل النهر وكذلك في كمية الطحالب القاعية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الطحالب القاعية, العوامل البيئية, بيئة المياه الجارية, الحالة الاغتذائية, لمنولوجية لنهرديالى.
INTRODUCTION
The world bank (38) announced that the availability of water in the Middle East and North Africa were facing the water scarcity in the present and in the future. Iraqi water resources are suffered from the shortage of water supply from the upstream of the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers and the Tigris river tributaries for many reasons (3). This scarcity will effect on the water quality of rivers and increases the effect of water pollution (24). The monitoring water body is important to save these water resources through determining the physicochemical and biological parameters (13, 15, 37). The study of these parameters is considered as important indicators of water quality and for evaluation purpose of assessing their suitability for different uses of water (17). Furhan et al. (17) investigated the water quality of River Soan (Punjab, Pakistan) by determining the physicochemical parameters and phytoplankton, to evaluate the river water quality. This study showed that the river has a good quality. Another study also used physicochemical parameters for water quality evaluation for the tributaries of the river Beas in Himalayan region in India, they found that the water quality is within the acceptable limits (7). In addition, Marques et al. (26) reported that the water chemistry of riverrelated is to its physiographical features. Hassan et al. (21) found that the Diyala river water quality is ranged from poor to marginal by using some environmental factor and applied Water quality index. Madhloom et al. (24) found that some studied environmental factors are exceeded the acceptable limits at the lower reaches of the river. Other studies reported the effect of pollution on water quality of the Diyala river (30, 40). Macrophytes and Benthic algal communities were played a role in river ecosystems by different processes such as increase productivity, cycling nutrients, reduce the erosion process from the river banks and food source of other organisms (28, 34). Benthic algae (epiphytic) was used as bioindicators and Biomonitoring the river water quality (9, 10, 12). Bellinger and Sigee (10) reported that the diatoms are used as bioindicators, and these groups of algae have the ability to resist the alteration in the environmental condition in a lotic ecosystem. Shaawiat and Hassan (32) used the diatomic community as water quality indicators, and the study results indicated that the river was clean with moderately polluted. The objective of this tady to investigate the physicochemical properties of the Diyala river and qualitative study of benthic algae in Diyala River.
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