TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON WSN IN KUWAIT: AN INITIAL DESIGN
Abdulrahman A. Alkandari, 1.a Imad Fakhri Alshaikhli, 1.b Meshal alnasheet, 2.c
1 Computer Science Department, KICT, International Islamic University Malaysia
2The Higher Institute of Telecommunication and Navigation, PAAET, Kuwait
a aam_alkandary@yahoo.com, b imadf@iium.edu.my, c send4meshal@hotmail.com
Abstract-
This paper discusses traffic problems in the world and emphasizes on Kuwait city as case study. Many of these problems can be solve by building a Traffic Management System based on a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). TMS is an innovative design for the road that saves time and money for the driver. This solution creates a city of intelligence, which can be control automatically through sensors. Some of the sensor nodes were portable and fixed that spread in buildings, streets, cars and traffic signals. We use two kinds of WSN motion sensors and physical sensors. We also use two kinds of WSN nodes: special-purpose sensor nodes and generic sensor nodes. Zigbee platform use to communicate between nodes in short speed and reduce energy consumption. The Database Management Systems (DBMS) supports a geospatial database by offering the GIS services such as fingerprints, photos and videos. The functionality of Network Operation Center (NOC) to supervise, maintains, and monitors the wireless network. GPS/routing protocols use to detect the location with longitude and latitude date information with Geographic information system (GIS) to discover geographic location for the city maps. The routing protocols were cheaper and provide same functionality as GPS. Our initial design describes the physical layer to explain the connectivity path from (NOC) to vehicle then network layer depending on routing protocols lastly, application layer shows the dashboard monitor system that controlled by (NOC) and how it solve a different issues in traffic problems.
Index Terms—wireless sensor network (WSN), Traffic Management System (TMS)
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, technology has developed whether in connections, mobile phones and private networks in WLAN. Services and devices continued to improve in using energy, reprogramming, lower cost, more capabilities, and more wireless quality. New services in health, transportation and urban environments are the main developments. [18]
Smart City is a system of the city and is characterized by the interaction among the infrastructure, capital, behaviours and cultures and achieved through interdependence among them. It uses more Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for the analysis and integration of basic information in the cities and makes them able to respond to various needs, including ways of daily living, environmental protection, public safety, services, industries and commercial activities. Smart City has smart meters, smart networks, smart buildings, and smart transportation to facilitate people to live in a more comfortable and safe environment. [8]
The aim of Smart City is to use technology, while depending on less energy and using wireless radio wave IEEE 802.15.4c and to improve the quality of life by using wireless sensor networks and sensor platforms. The aim of development in the Smart City is clear, but it needs a big footprint. Some governments are developing the Smart City because they would appreciate the benefit of using this technology to bridge the growing gap in demand and supply. [3]
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) is part of digital and intelligence cities and vehicular ICT is changing people’s behaviour in their use of cars that become easy and efficient transport. Many devices are strengthening information, management and scientific decisions of city traffic which become the hotspot of the traffic department and the city emergency command department. The technologies that help are Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These offer the necessary conditions for navigation, positioning and real-time monitoring of vehicles and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). [18]
WSN is a network with sensor nodes (SN) that are deploying in certain shape depending on different factors such as: size of area, coverage, power consumption, number of data transfer, type of platform and node…etc. Also, it is nodes with computations and measurements that communicate among them via radio connection in order to sense the physical world by monitoring temperature, pressure, movement and sound. It has specialized protocols built into its design. It deploys the sensors on the highway and roads to provide detection for traffic observing and controlling.
Traffic Management system (TMS) is an innovative design for the road with efficient and accurate information. It includes many advantages that save time and money for the driver. It requires special elements that we discuss in this paper. [4] The TMS is the most important part of a Smart City. TMS can save human lives, save time in finding parking for cars, and reduce traffic collisions and traffic chaos.
The next parts of this paper are ordered as follows. Section 2 briefly describes the related works. Section 3 presents the problem statements. Section 4 overviews the propose design of our system included physical layer, network layer and application layer. Finally, Section 5 concludes the paper with future works.
2. RELATED WORK
This research helps us in collecting data and information to solve traffic and vehicular problems by using WSN. Each research helps us in identifying certain information that relates to WSN and TMS to build our TMS system.
The municipalities develop parking systems by using a new smart technology. In St. Petersburg, Florida, the Smart meters are powered by solar energy systems by Cale. In St. Bruno, Quebec, Canada, the driver was allowed to pay for parking his car with coins or credit card or a Smart card. The machine connects wirelessly with the central server wireless handheld General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and devices for the car's agent. The agent uses this device to get information such as that the parking lot should be empty because of expiration time to the driver or the driver didn’t pay for his parking. Then the driver pays the time and marks his car on the dashboard. In Israel, the driver enters the payment card and begins to calculate the distance to the parking automatically. The Acme/Parking Carma's provided a test in Smart parking to allow the driver to enter the website and book in advance for parking his car for several hours or even days. Finland allows the driver to use a pre-pay service to pay for parking the car by making a phone call. When the time has expired, the service alerts the driver by sending a text message allowing him to reconnect and pay for more time. This has succeeded in Dubai since 2005. [10]
The Virginia Smart Road is part of public road. The advantages of this road are weather controlling snow or rain, a query system about weather, GPS and lightning road. A controlling room is prepared to observe movement performance. They also prepared a controlling tower for weather; each tower can rotate 360 degrees and tilt up or down and change the condition of weather. The road can upgrade the light about 95%. The road has electronic sensors and WSN. It is connected wirelessly with a lot of database systems.
We found solutions to the problems of traffic congestion and major accidents by building in small nodes wireless and lightweight processors. It's equipped to send and receive information and build a wireless network through the deployment of these nodes to monitor environmental conditions and track the movement of traffic. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are a benefit in the capacity of wireless sensor networks and support the transport infrastructure to find solutions to these problems by constantly monitoring them. This can also be used for parking management, to avoid collisions and to enhance the safety of drivers. These solutions have been applied in many countries such as: Canada, the United States, and Japan and in Europe and Australia. [11]
Because humans are unable to use traditional methods to monitor environmental changes in inaccessible places such as in a desert, forest or mountains, a solution has been provided to them by using a wireless sensor network and distributing a sensor in many places because of their small size and low cost and accuracy. It can also monitor by controlling the dimension across the websites or applications in the console. [5]
They are used in Malaysia with multiple- VSCS software to picture the traffic from many sources. They execute this by using a 5.8GHz OFDM LAN wireless network. There are experiments to analyse effectiveness with better flow rates from a low of 50 Kbps and an increased rate 1800:1 and video formatting. They can also analyse the video flow rate and compare that with different formats. They are studying increasing the bandwidth. [2]
They used WSN in car parking. To spread WSN devices in car parking areas, every car prepared one node sensor to reveal whether the parking space is empty or not. They then sent the report to the database by WSN and gateway. The database system is only for management to find the busy parking areas, monitor management security and build statics. This was implemented by executed crossbow motes. [17]
The Vehicular Sensor Networks (VSNs) are a new type of technology for sensors that are available in new vehicles to collect information from the driver's environment such as speed and temperature. They can also lead to drivers being more comfortable and safe. They operated a wireless network and service provider wimax access point 2.5 3G to collect information about roads and traffic density. VSN is used for downloading traffic on a private Internet network by using IEEE 802.11p. For doing that, they suggested Clustered Gathering Protocol (CGP) and transit layer protocols to collect pyramid and geography information. They were also analysing the performance of CGP by using real dynamic samples without weighting the network. Network was used to reduce the cost and collect collect information from the vehicles. Now they expand the scope of this work. [14]
Parking Guidance System (PGS) is a system to detect available parking based on wireless sensor networks. The system consists of VDS (vehicle detection sub-system), which provides information on available parking spaces and directs drivers to available parking using control system monitoring. It has been testing the system on several types of cars and the results showed the success of the system and battery life will be over in five years. [15]
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Every day, citizens die in accidents on the road and every day we lose many hours in traffic congestion during the day and night. The Ministry of Interior in Kuwait has prepared statistics for the number of deaths in traffic accidents; there were approximately 370 deaths during the year 2010. It is an important problem facing society. There are several key factors involved, such as traffic collisions, wasted time, fuel consumption and pollution. [6]
These problems have implications, including damage to public and private property. From a health perspective, there are a total of infections ranging between superficial, medium and severe. Psychologically, one of the most significant effects on a driver who is in a traffic accident, is a lack of confidence in his or her ability or feeling fear of the road, which can cause confusion. Finally, there are social effects; accidents can lead to dismantling the family structure through the loss of a family member. [6]
Kuwait faced a problem of the mentality of drivers and their commitment to traffic rules and ethics that causes traffic chaos and many accidents. Traffic signals, traffic collisions and difficulties in monitoring are some of the worst problems. There are also parking problems in malls. Traffic problems have been discussed in the world and specifically in the State of Kuwait. This paper gives solutions to these problems using a traffic management system. [6]...
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The TMS is the most important part of a Smart City. Solving traffic problems that are based on WSN, especially in Kuwait City by using our TMS system can help the citizens and Ministry of Interior. It can also save human lives and save time in finding parking spaces. To achieve this system, there must be cooperation among all stakeholders. Our initial design covers many issues to be fixed and gives appropriate solution for different areas on the traffic problems. This work will be continued by studying the problem statements for each situation and how to solve them by simulating different projects for each one of them.
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