" ﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺤﻭﺽ ﺘﻜﺎﻻ
ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ "
ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻡ ،ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ - ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ الإﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ – ﻏﺯﺓ - ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ Saltoum@mail.iugaza.edu مجلة ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ (ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ) ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ ، ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ، ﺹ:87-59، ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ 2004ﻡ
ﻤﻠﺨﺹ:
ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺤﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻷﻱ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ، ﻭﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ، ﻟﺫﺍ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺵ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤـﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻥ.
ﺘﻡ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﺜﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻴﻔل ﻭﺘﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻴﺕ، ﻭﺸـﻭﺍﺨﺹ ﻭﺒﻭﺼـﻠﺔ ﻭﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ، ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺴﺘﺔ ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺤﻭﺽ ﺘﻜﺎﻻ، ﻭﺃﺨـﺫﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﺎﺕ (ﻤﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ) ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻻﻨﺤـﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺩﺭﺠـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﻭﺱ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴـﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ.
ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜـﻡ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺸـﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﻥ،ﻤﺜل ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺘﻜﺎﻻ ( ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ 26ْ .53) ﻭﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ، ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﻥ (ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ 10ْ .33) ﻭﺘﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ، ﻭﺘﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ْ4 ﺇﻟﻰ ْ18 ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻻﻨﺤـﺩﺍﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺘﻜﺎﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ30ْ - ْ18 .
Hillslope Morphology in the Upper Part of the Rumeimine and Tekala Catchment : A study in the Climatic Geomorphology
Abstract:
The hillslopes may be considered as one of the most important geomorphological systems because they are very sensitive to any environmental change and reflect the geological, climatic and hydrological characteristics. Therefore, this study discusses the properties of such morphological hillslopes and their development in two different climatic territories (regional).
Twelve slope profiles were surveyed by Abney level, and Theodolite apparatus, Markers, tape and Prismatic compass. The twelve profiles are divided equally by the Rumeimine and Takala. Measurements were taken (distance and angle) at the morphological interruption. The slope angles were also analyzed. Moreover, the curve angles, curve fitting and the slope development were also analyzed.
The study shows how the climatic circumstances can affect the geomorphological processes and the hillslopes forms in the aforementioned catchments, such as the steep slopes in Tekala (average: 26.53ْ )and the moderate slopes in the Rumeimine (average 10.33ْ )The slopes angles rotate between 4ْ to ْ18 in the Rumeinine but they rotate between 18ْ to 30ْ in Tekala.
The convex elements constitute more than 80% and 40% from the total lengths of the profiles in both Tekala and the Rumeimine respectively. The concave elements increase in the Rumeimine forming about 40%. The curvature angles (convex, concave) also increase in Tekala ( 33.7 % from the lengths of the profiles). The gentle degrees of curvature dominate in the Rumeimine (63.9% from the lengths of the profiles). The slopes profiles could be classified in Tekala into two groups whereas the hillslopes in the Rumeimine were divided into three groups. Each of these groups has its specific morphological properties. The results of the study and analysis evidently suggest that the slopes in the two catchments develop according to the parallel retreat theory.
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