نطاﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ
ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﻌﻠﺔ
ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺒﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ، ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ
ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﻨﻬﻭﺭ، ﻤﺼﺭ Magedaly@hotmail.com
ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺘﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ، ٣٢٢ ، ٢٠٠٧
ﻤﻠﺨﺹ :
ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﺠﺯﺀﺍً ﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺃﺒﻭﻗﻴﺭ ﺸﺭﻕ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ، ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻀﺤﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻴﻀﻴﻕ ﺫﺭﻋﺎً ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺸﺘﻰ، ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ - ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ - ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﻗﺼﻴﺭ .
ﻭﺘﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ﻁﺊ؛ ﺘﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ، ﻭﺘﻀﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ، ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺯﺭ، ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻴﺔ، ﻭﺘﺸﻤل ﻤﺠﺭﻯ ﻓﺭﻉ ﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﻭﺒﺤﻴﺭﺓ ﺇﺩﻜﻭ، ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺡ، ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ .
ﻭﻴﺘﻭﺯﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ، ﺘﺸﻤل : ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺴﺭﺓ، ﻭﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ (ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ) ﻭﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺃﻤﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺴﺭﺓ .
ﻭﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻤﻭﺭﺓ، ﻭﺤﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺒﻘﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻷﺼﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ، ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ، ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻭﻗﻭﺘﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﺘﻬﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻔﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ .
ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻀﻴﻕ ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ، ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﻁﺎﻉ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺘﺩﺸﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ .
ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺴﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ، ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻤﻴﻨﺎئي ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻴﺔ، ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻭﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻷﻤﺜل، ﺘﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ ﺒﻤﺩﺨﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀﻴﻥ، ﻭﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻷﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻠﻴﺔ، ﻭﺇﻁﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ .
ﻭﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ TM ﻓﻲ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ، ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻭﺃﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻁﺔ ﻤﺒﻜﺭﺍً .
Al-MAADIA beach eastern of Alexandria Study in Applied Geomorphology
Maged M. Shoala
Professor, Geography Department, Faculty of Arts, University of Damanhour, Egypt
Magedaly@hotmail.com
Bull., of Kuwait Geographical society, vol., 322, 2007 :
Summary:
Al-MAADIA beach represent a part of Abu Qir Bay Beach, eastern of Alexandria, has become impatient with range of human intervention in various forms, and reflected on the changing characteristics of geomorphological factors and processes - especially coastal ones - in a short period of time.
There are various factors geomorphological problem of the scope of the beach; led by marine factors, and includes sea waves, and tides, and continental factors, including the Rosetta branch stream and lake Idku, wind, as well as human- induced. The range of beach is distributed among three distinct morphological units, include: in beach zone, the regular surf (Navy) zone and the zone of broken waves of storms. And morphological phenomena vary the zone of the beach between the barriers and submerged marine rims, and the edges of the remnants of seashells, and internecine marine, and ticking all the phenomena and depend on to appear and disappear change the nature of the factors and processes formed throughout the year. Human encroachment has contributed to amend the morphological features and narrow breadth of the beach back east of the new port, whether building or truncated portions of it for agriculture or waste launched. The reflected sovereignty almost absolute operations deposition different constant migration of lines depths towards the sea, in addition to their direct impact on traffic of two ports, causing the appearance of many of the problems that hinder the exploitation of optimization, led by the emergence of several spots shallow entrance of ports, and the growth of tongues sand, and silting basin procedure of the new port. The study showed the importance of the use of the results of visual and statistical analysis of TM in determines the sphere of influence during the different seasons of the year, which contributes to the early detection of side effects of changes in the behavior of these factors and take precautions early.
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق