ﻗﻳﺎس اﻟﺗﻧﻣﻳﺔ اﻟﺑﺷرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻗﻠﻳم وادي اﻷردن
ﻳوﺳف أﺣﻣد اﻟﻌﺎﻳدي وﻛﺎﻳد ﻋﺛﻣﺎن أﺑوﺻﺑﺣﺔ
دراﺳﺎت ، اﻟﻌﻠوم اﻹﻧﺳﺎﻧﻳﺔ واﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ، اﻟﻣﺟﻠّد 40 ، اﻟﻌدد ،2 2013 - 426 - © 2013 ﻋﻤﺎدة اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ / اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷردﻧﻴﺔ :
ﻣـﻠﺧص
ﻫدﻓت اﻟدراﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻛﺷف ﻋن ﻣﺳﺗوﻳﺎت اﻟﺗﻧﻣﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻗﻠﻳم وادي اﻷردن اﻟذي ﻳﺿم إدارﻳﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻟوﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺷوﻧﺔ اﻟﺟﻧوﺑﻳﺔ ودﻳرﻋﻼ واﻷﻏوار اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ، وﻗﻳﺎس ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻣﺳﺗوﻳﺎت ﻣن ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣؤﺷرات اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ واﻗﺗﺻﺎدﻳﺔ ودﻳﻣوﻏراﻓﻳﺔ آدت إﻟﻰ ﻫذا اﻟﺗﺑﺎﻳن، واﺳﺗﺧﻠﺻت اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻣؤﺷرات ﻣن ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ اﻟواﻗﻊ اﻟدﻳﻣﻐراﻓﻲ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدي واﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﻲ واﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ، واﺳﺗﺧدﻣت اﻟدراﺳﺔ دﻟﻳﻝ اﻟﺗﻧﻣﻳﺔ اﻟﺑﺷرﻳﺔ اﻟذي وﺿﻌﻪ ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة اﻹﻧﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﺎم 1990 اﻟذي ﻳﺻﻧف اﻟﺗﻧﻣﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺳﺗوﻳﺎت ﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ، ﻣﺗوﺳطﺔ، وﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ .
وﺗوﺻﻠت اﻟدراﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ إن ﻏﺎﻟﺑﻳﺔ اﻟﺗﺟﻣﻌﺎت اﻟﺳﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺻﻧﻔت ﺿﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔض ﺑﻧﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣؤﺷرات ﻣﺣﻠﻳﺔ، ووﺟود ﺗﺑﺎﻳن ﻛﺑﻳر ﺑﻳن ﻗﻳم اﻟﻣؤﺷرات اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ، وﺻﻧﻔت ﻏﺎﻟﺑﻳﺔ ﺗﺟﻣﻌﺎت اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺿﻣن ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺗﻧﻣﻳﺔ اﻟﺑﺷرﻳﺔ اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﺔ اﻋﺗﻣﺎداً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣؤﺷرات ﻋﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ، وﺗﺑﻳن أﻳﺿﺎً ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻗﻳم ﻣؤﺷر اﻟﻌﻣر اﻟﻣﺗوﻗﻊ واﻧﺧﻔﺎض ﻗﻳم ﻣؤﺷر اﻟﺗﺣﺻﻳﻝ اﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ ﺑﻳن ﺗﺟﻣﻌﺎت ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ دون ( 0.200 ) وﻫو ﻣﺳﺗوى ﻣﻧﺧﻔض ﺟداً .
وأوﺻت اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺑوﺿﻊ ﺧطﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﻗﻠﻳم ﺗﺄﺧذ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎت ﺗﻧﻣوﻳﺔ ﺗﺄ ﺧذ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻣراﻓق اﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ وﺗوزﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﺑطرﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻝ ﻣن اﻟﺗﺑﺎﻳن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﺑﻳن ﺗﺟﻣﻌﺎت ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ وﺗوﻓﻳر اﻟﺧدﻣﺎت اﻟطﺑﻳﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﺧﺻﺻﺔ واﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻔض اﻷﻣﻳﺔ وﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﺗﺳرب ﺑﻳن اﻟطﻼب وزﻳﺎدة ﻋدد اﻟﻔرق اﻟﺻﻔﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣدارس وﺗﺷﺟﻳﻊ اﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳم اﻟﻣﻬﻧﻲ وﺗﺷﺟﻳﻊ اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘطﺎﻋﺎت اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﻳﺔ وإﻋﺎدة اﻟﻧظر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺗﺳوﻳﻘﻳﺔ واﻟﺟﻣرﻛﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎت اﻟزراﻋﻳﺔ .
اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ : اﻟﺗﻧﻣﻳﺔ اﻟﺑﺷرﻳﺔ، وادي اﻻردن .
Human Development Index Measurement in the Jordan Valley
Yousef Ahmad Al-idi and Kayed Othman Abu Sabha
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Variation of developmental levels among the human settlements of study area by using some demographic, economic, education, health indicators which are extracted from socioeconomic and health data, Those indicators have been used to classify the human settlements into three Development categories high, medium and low.
Human Development Index (HDI) that was introduced by UN (1990) was applied in this study, According to this index, the human settlements in the region were grouped into three levels of Development by using local and universal values of indicators.
It was appareuc from the study results that the majority of the human settlements were classified within the low level of Development, according to the local values of indicators, meanwhile the majority of the human settlements were classified within the medium level of the human development According to the universal values of the indicators.
Also, it was shown that the average life expectancy indicator values were high, and the values of the scientific achievement were very low. several maps have been done, showing the spatial patterns of the development indices for the human settlement in the area study.
Recommends to comprehensive development plan, that takes into consideration certain policies to encourage the vocational education, and the investment in the economic sectors, also, to enhance the level of health services and to decrease the illiteracy levels among the population of the reign.
Keywords: Human Development, Jordan Valley.
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