المناخ الحضري لمدينة الجيزة
باستخدام الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية
The urban climate of Giza city / By using Romote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
رسالة مقدمة لاستكمال درجة الماجستير من قسم الجغرافيا
كلية الآداب - جامعة القاهرة
إعداد
منصور حسين سالم صالح
إشراف
أ.د. شحاته سيد أحمد طلبة
أﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ
رئيس قسم اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎ
بكلية الآداب - جامعة القاهرة
د. سامح إبراهيم عبد الوهاب
أستاذ الجغرافيا البشرية
بكلية الآداب - جامعة القاهرة
القاهرة
المستخلص
تتكون الرسالة من أربعة فصول تسبقها مقدمة عامة، وتليها خاتمة. المقدمة تشمل موضوع الدراسة وتحديد منطثة الدراسة، والمحطات المناخية بها، وأسباب اختيار الموضوع وأهدافه والدراسات السابقة ومشكلات الدراسة ومناهج وأساليب الدراسة والصعوبات التى واجهت الطالب ومحتويات الدراسة
تتكون الرسالة من أربعة فصول تسبقها مقدمة عامة، وتليها خاتمة. المقدمة تشمل موضوع الدراسة وتحديد منطثة الدراسة، والمحطات المناخية بها، وأسباب اختيار الموضوع وأهدافه والدراسات السابقة ومشكلات الدراسة ومناهج وأساليب الدراسة والصعوبات التى واجهت الطالب ومحتويات الدراسة
درس الفصل الأول خصائص المناخ العام لمدينة الجيزة ، واهتم الفصل الثاني بالتطور التاريخي لنشأة الجزر الحرارية السطحية لمدينة الجيزة خلال الفترة 1984حتى 2014 م، واهتم الفصل الثالث بدراسة شدة الجزيرة الحرارية لمدينة الجيزة خلال عام 2014، وأما الفصل الرابع فاختص بالجانب التطبيقي للرسالة حيث تناول دراسة بعض المشكلات الناجمة عن الجزيرة الحرارية بالمدينة ودراسة أساليب مواجهة الجزيرة الحرارية في الوقت الراهن وفي المستقبل.
وانتهت الدراسة بالنتائج التي توصل إليها الطالب، والتوصيات التي تقدم رؤية مستقبلية للآليات التي يتعامل بها مع هذه المشكلة مع التركيز على منطقة الدراسة
الكلمات الدالة: *مناخ الحضر *الجزر الحرارية *الراحة الفسيولوجية *استهلاك الطاقة الكهربائية *الطاقة المتجددة * الاستشعار عن بعد *نظم المعلومات الجغرافية
Abstract:
The aim of the thesis was to study the urban climateof Giza city. The included parameters were temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation intensityand speed and direction. Seven stations distributed allover Giza city were included to measure the determined parameters of the study. The thermal bands were analyzed by remote sensing techniques. Heatislands were studied. The fluctuation of the surface heat island during the time period from1984 to 2014. The intensity ofheat island during the four seasons 2014. Theresultsindicated that the intensity of the surface heat island decreased as the urbanization increased in relation to the agriculture landarea. The consumption of electrical energy increased as the temperature increased once Celsius. The study recommended considering climatic planning for the new urban regions.
Key words: GizaCity* Urbanclimate* Heat island* Physiologicalcomfort* Electric powerconsumption* Renewable energy* Remote Sensing* Geographic Information Systems
Summary Master Thes is, Department Of Geography,Physical geography,Major Climate"
Under the title of: The Urban Climate of Giza City By Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
Prepared by: Mansour Hussein Salem Saleh
Supervised by: Prof. Dr. Shehata Sayed Ahmad
Prof . Dr .Sameh Ebrahim Abd-ELWahab
The study camein four chapters preceded by anintroduction to the study, followed by the conclusion, and a list of sources and references, and a summary of the thesis. The structure of the thesis wasas follows: Introduction of the study:
Which was provided to determine the subject, the study area and climate stations used to measure the climate parameters, the scientific background, objectives of the study, and previous studies, materials and methods, the struggles of the study, and the contents of the study.
The first chapter:The characteristics of Giza city climate:
This chapter dealt with the study of the general climate of the city and neighborhood areas;we studied the solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed anddirection. They represent the most effective climate factors during the period of 2000 to 2013.
The results showed that the study area was exposing to a higher intensity of daily solar radiation and high thermal input urban area from the surrounding agricultural areas, aswell as the stability ofthe relative humidityratesdue tothe increase of land cover of the city.
The second chapter: The historical development of the surface heat island of Giza city during the period from 1984 to 2014.
This chapter dealt with examining the historical evolution of the intensity of the surface heat island during the period from 1984 to 2014 and that for the agricultural, Deseret surrounding area and Cairo city. Also addressed the study of urban cluster related to the city and separate regions it evolved during the same time period,and the relation of this development to the decrease of the rmalinten sity of this surface heat island of the city for the agricultural hinterland. As well asthe study of the surface temperature increasein the city and its relationship to the decrease of the normalized differentiation vegetation index (NDVI).
Concluded by studying the expected development of the surface heat island compared with the rural agricultural area during the future. The results indicated that the intensity of the surface heat island decreased as the urbanization increased in relation to the agriculture land area.
The third chapter: The intensity of the heat island of Giza city during 2014:
This chapter included the study of advanced techniques used to determine the heat island. The remote sensing techniques and some of the statistical methodsand field measurements for the intensity of the heat island of the Giza city. We studied the intensity of surface heat is land for all areas around the city during the fours easons 2014. The intensity of the heat islandof thecanopyarea during the summer.
At the end of this chapter we completed the thermal structureof the city, the distrution of the cool and hot heat islands, and the thermal differential for the city parts.
The fourth chapter: The effects of heat islands in Giza and ways to minimize them.This chapter showing caresthe applied side to this study;it has dealt with some of the effects of the heat island such as low human comfort and increased demand for electric energy consumption and is interested in studying tominimize the effects of heat islands in the current time and the future. It was found that the negative heat island effects outweigh the positive, especially the impact on human physiological comfort and increased demand for electric power consumption effects.The study concluded that the results reached by the student, and the recommendations made by a futuristic vision of the mechanisms that are dealt with this problem with a focus on the study area.
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