Variation in the Temporal and Place Effects on the Dengue Fever Mosquito Vector Aedes aegypti (L.) in Jeddah Province.
Jazem A. Mahyoub
Department of Biological Science, King Abdul-Aziz Univ., Jeddah (KSA).
(Received: 15 August 2014; accepted: 10 October 2014)
BIOSCIENCES BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASIA, April 2015. Vol. 12(1), proof
Black - Hole light traps were operated during January 2013 until June 2014, in an attempt to pin point the variations based on place and time of the Dengue Fever Mosquito Vector (DFMV) population density. This was carried out in order to determine the relationship between its density and the prevailing conditions of temperature and relative humidity, as related to the actual positive cases of dengue fever infection. The study showed a continued presence of the mosquito vector throughout the year, with significant differences in the population density and the time of the vector recovery. The results also showed a negative correlation between population density and temperature, whereas a positive correlation with the relative humidity. Our results showed two seasonal prominent activity peaks during February and November, during the year 2013 with a projected indication that a high peak might occur in 2014.The population density shCurrently, there is an expected high possibility in the increase of the population numbers of a variety of mosquito vectors, carrying and causing human ailments and sufferings, aggravated by the omnipresent fearful scare of the Dengue Fever (DF). The DF is the most dreaded viral disease in most parts of the world (Divid et al., 2003). In addition, recent reports indicated that newly DF infections might reach 50 million people annually (WHO, 2005). Biologically, the saliva of infective female vectors Aedes aegypti transmits the different incriminated virus serotypes that are causing the dengue fever. This occurs when they are feeding from the human host in order to produce eggs for their next generations. It is needless to mention that once the female is infected, it may be able to contract the dengue viruses throughout its lifetime (WHO, 1990). Moreover, contemporary ecological investigations on the effects of time and place variations on the population of the mosquito dengue vector in Saudi Arabia were very scarce or meager, but some previous field inventory surveys reported by (Mattingly and Knight, 1956) who documented the presence of 25 species from Eastern, Western and Southern Saudi Arabia. The most predominant mosquito species, based on reproduction andowed variation, according to the locations where Um-Alsalm locality indicated significant recovery of dengue fever vectors. Khozam locality displayed the least recovery throughout the year. The highest dengue fever (DF) infection was recorded in Aziziyah, Old Airport and the University localities, followed by Khozam and Al-Balad localities. However, other localities are currently under investigation proved to have no reported cases of dengue fever (DF) infection throughout the year.
Currently, there is an expected high possibility in the increase of the population numbers of a variety of mosquito vectors, carrying and causing human ailments and sufferings, aggravated by the omnipresent fearful scare of the Dengue Fever (DF). The DF is the most dreaded viral disease in most parts of the world (Divid et al., 2003). In addition, recent reports indicated that newly DF infections might reach 50 million people annually (WHO, 2005). Biologically, the saliva of infective female vectors Aedes aegypti transmits the different incriminated virus serotypes that are causing the dengue fever. This occurs when they are feeding from the human host in order to produce eggs for their next generations. It is needless to mention that once the female is infected, it may be able to contract the dengue viruses throughout its lifetime (WHO, 1990). Moreover, contemporary ecological investigations on the effects of time and place variations on the population of the mosquito dengue vector in Saudi Arabia were very scarce or meager, but some previous field inventory surveys reported by (Mattingly and Knight, 1956) who documented the presence of 25 species from Eastern, Western and Southern Saudi Arabia. The most predominant mosquito species, based on reproduction and distribution was Culex pipiens Molestus as reported by Buttiker, (1981) whereas Wills et al., (1998) reconfirmed the availability of a number of mosquito species from the Eastern region. Recently, Abdulla and Merdan, (1995) have conducted studies and indicated the presence of a great number of mosquito species in the South western region, within the Abha province. In addition to that, Al-Zaharani, (2001) was able to authenticate the presence of 19 mosquito species in Tihamma locality. More fieldwork on mosquito species was conducted by Al-Khraiji, (2005), who documented the widespread distribution of 15 mosquitoes species in Riyadh. Four of the 15 mosquito species belong to the genus Anopheles; 9 species belong to the genus Culex; and one species belongs to both Aedes and Culiseta. Ghrmah, 2010 used Clark traps to estimate the field population density, together with the evaluation of the efficacy of some insecticides against the dengue fever mosquito vector Aedes aegypti, in and around Jeddah province. The dominant mosquito genera and species that have become vital economically, together with the testing of their sensitivities to some insecticides was carried out assured cases was provided by the primary health care centers that were supervised by the Directorate of Health Affairs of Jeddah city
Fig. 1. Localities of dengue fever mosquito sample collection.
The experimental design used was a completely randomized design, where the analysis of variance (ANOVA), was carried out to determine the seasonal fluctuation of the mosquito vector. For comparison purposes, the population density was determined by using the least significant difference (LSD), at the 0.05 level of probability. In addition to that, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to estimate the degree of correlation between temperature and relative humidity, and the positive assured cases caused by the dengue fever mosquito vector (DFV) SAS, 2001).
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