التحليل المكاني للخدمات التعليمية في محافظة رفح
باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GlS)
إعداد
سهير خليل محمد أبو شنب
إشراف
د. رائد أحمد صالحة
أستاذ جغرافية العمران والتخطيط المساعد بكلية الآداب - قسم الجغرافيا
مديردائرة العلاقات العامة بالجامعة الإسلامية - غزة
رئيس قسم الجغرافيا سابقاً
قدمت هذه الأطروحة استكمالاً لمتطلبات الحصول على درجة الماجستير في الجغرافيا من قسم الجغرافيا ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية
1436هـ - 2015 م
The Islamic University-Gaza
Post-graduate studies Deanship
Faculty of Arts
Geography and GIS Department
Spatial Analysis of Educational Services in Rafah Governorate Using Geographic information Systems (GlS)
Prepared by:
Suhair Khalil Abu Shanab
Supervised by:
Dr. Ra'ed Ahmed Salha
Phd. Geography and GIS, Planing and Urbanism Assistant
Head of Public Relations Office
Head of Geography Department (previously)
This dissertation had been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters degree in Geography in the Department of Geography and GIS at the Islamic University of Gaza - Palestine
(1436 AH, 2015 AD)
Abstract
Most of the Palestinian areas face lots of problems and obstacles in destributing of educational services which lead to its centering in the town centers. In addition to miss planning when establishing new constructions and citizens need. The study focuses on the place analysis to the educational services in Rafah area using geographical Knowledge Techniques "GIS".
The importance of study came from dealing with the most important sector in the Palestinian society which is the base of flourishing and progress that aimed to place analysis to the educational services "2013-2014", the efficiency, superposing to world and Palestinian places planning also presenting images for better and efficient distribution in the study area may help the decision makers in finding previous steps in developing this vital services.
The study depends on analytical descriptive method in the frame of analyzing the collected information from responsible in governmental, educational, administrative and the world U.N
The geographical knowledge techniques "GIS" was used for computerizing and analyzing the collected information, and planning required maps and the level of satisfaction was majored through distributing questionnaires for a sample of school principles. The study showed that the educational services suffer from random miss distribution centering in particular areas and disappearing in another with some educational problems, and this is due to miss planning when establishing.
The study recommended the importance of studying the new building expansion and the pars of citizens growth to choose the best locations to build new school and avoiding spontaneity in choosing with the importance of following Palestinian planning place criteria, as it recommends the importance of finding special data base for every educational institutions through publishing in the schools Web pages and the educational institutions in the area, but for nurseries its recommended to be established in the lacked animates
Spatial Analysis of Educational Services in Rafah Governorate Using Geographic Information Systems (GlS)
Summary
Several studies revealed that there is a direct relationship between the educational level of population and the distance of education services sites (Roandzy 2013:215p). The educational level of the population improves through the geographical distribution of the re-location of these services so that they are as close as possible to the population density areas, as well as the establishment of the new selected educational services to meet the needs of the population (Machaqy 2007:197).
Objectives of the study:
1. Study the reality of educational services in Rafah
2. Identify the extent of matching educational services in the province to international Palestinian standards of spatial planning through the analysis of the reality of educational services by using software of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
3. Identify the most important reasons that hinder the application of planning criteria
4. Estimating future needs of population from educational services and develop a special recommendation for that.
The importance of studying:
The importance of this study in the following points:
1. Increasing population growth and urbanization, which Rafah governorate witnesses, requires a serious pause at all stages and levels of educational services.
2. Considering the first study dealing with spatial analysis for Educational Services in Rafah.
3. Seeking to use one of the most modern techniques of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the process of studying spatial analysis for educational services in the governorate.
4. Opening the way for researchers for future studies on other sect
Problem of the study
Rafah governorate suffers from random and irregular distribution of educational services as concentrated in neighborhoods and have little or no in other neighborhoods as well as non-observance for the standards of planning, and lack of basic schemes in the governorate when will build an educational services, hence the need for this study as an attempt to analyze and diagnose the reality of educational services and determine how the adequacy of population in the population service at level biology.
Temporal limitation of the study
The study was limited to the study of the reality of educational services in the area of study during the school year 2013) -2014).
Methodology of the study
In this research, numerous curricula were used as followed:
1- Historical method
2- Descriptive approach
3- Fundamentalist approach
4- Regional approach
5- Analytical approach
6- Deductive approach
The study sample:
All Rafah schools whatever supervising authority (Government Agency for dropped, especially) was responsible for the academic year 2014-2013. They were 79 school.
Tools of the study:
The following tools were used:
1- Neighboring link analysis tool (the nearest neighbor)
2- Range impact analysis tool
3- The field study (including direct observation - interview- questionnaire)
Statistical methods:
Some statistical methods were used such as a statistical program (SPSS), that employs (GIS) software (GIS) represented in: (Arc GIS program 9.3) and (Arc Map program 10.1)
Quantitative and qualitative results:
It can be summarized in the following points:
Study area suffers from the lack of a clear plan include the spatial distribution of educational services.
Most of school sites in the study area did not stand on the basis of advance planning, but according to available possibilities in the region such as the availability piece of land.
Do not follow any system determines for the student which school go, where the process is optional for the student and parent or guardian.
The proportion of school buildings which provides private health facilities available for disable student is (54.6)%) in the governorate .
(24%) of the schools in the governorate center lead to severe congestion appears in the morning in the center of the governorate.
There are self sufficiency in the governorate of faculty. (63.2%) percentage of the multi floors schools in the governorate.
When applying link analysis tool neighborhood (the nearest neighbor) showed the following results:
It found that the distribution of kindergarten and primary school is gathering pattern, The distribution of secondary schools and junior high style is randomly pattern (educational services suffer from irregular in distribution between villages and neighborhoods in the province)
When applying the analysis of the scope of the impact tool appeared the following results:
The percentage of the areas that have the male secondary schools service reaches up to 15.70%, while the secondary girls' schools service reaches up to 20% of the space of Rafah area.* The analysis of the impact of the kindergarten service was that they barely have kindergartens in ElHashashin and some parts of El-nasser village and some parts of El – Shoca .
From the analysis of the scope of the impact of male elementary schools service it was found that the percentage of the areas that do not have the services are within 200 m or 400 m of the total area of the governorate ratio was 86.2%, while the percent of do not reaching areas to female elementary schools and common schools sevices 79.5% .
The percentage of the areas that have the male junior high schools service are 77.56%, of the
Results that have emerged from the questionnaire analysis were as follows:
1- 92% of schools suffer from of the lack of protection means for students appropriately in campus
2- 90.7% of schools suffer from the intense heat in summer inside the classrooms.
3- 71.4% of the schools suffer from the problem of lighting in the winter inside the classroom and school buildings, especially those of the closed construction.
4- 56% of schools lack the lack of means of security and enough safety for students.
5- 65.7% of students used means of transport to reach the school.
6- 85.7% of e schools suffer from the presence of pollution sources around them but in different forms.
7- 75.7% of schools suffer from the lack of a place to save the students needs
8- A number of health units and water taps in schools do not meet the properly students needs
9- 67.8% suffer from overcrowding the students in classrooms in the school.
10-90% of schools suffer from the lack of a place to save the students needs
11-lack of central heating service in schools by 100%.
12-At all schools with Wi-Fi is available 100% but often works poorly.
Results of the application (functional analysis) to the standards of the Palestinian planning to maintain public schools:
The governorate schools suffer from lack of observance of the Palestinian planning standards, and lack of basic sound schemes in the governorate when will build educational services, as services suffer from low efficiency and level of job performance
Recommendations:
1- When creating any educational site, for example, in any school district or locality prefer to consider the following:
A. To do a detailed study of this locality and the surrounding communities, and find out the estimated age groups of the population of school age.
B. Put multiple options regarding the establishment of a joint school for communities in neighborhoods create each school gathered independently.
C. Determine the potential availability of suitable land for the establishment of model schools.
D. Check the availability of all required services in any newly building school .
2- Rid from the randomness in the selection of school sites and their spatial distribution on residential neighborhoods or different regions after planning a scientific study.
3- Needing for a database in every private school in school buildings contain information about (location, space, full blueprints of the building and other.....)
4- Needing to develop the Palestinian planning criteria fit the demographic and economic situation of the Palestinian territories, taking into account the natural increase of the population.
5- Work on the rehabilitation of existing schools as much as possible, to be identical for all planning criteria.
6- Study of the natural increase in population and expected number of students who will join in the schools and a number of students expected to move because of the transmission housing.
7- Put appropriate designs for each building so that they are in harmony with the surrounding environment conditions and future prospects even serve their purpose built for him.
8- Take into account the school building design flexibility in the addendum to facilitate future expansion.
9- Determine appropriate standards for people with special needs in the new schools and rehabilitation of existing schools on inclusive education, which aims to reform the education process.
10-Working by the authorities concerned to identify the requirements of security and safety in the school buildings
11-Increasing a number of light bulbs in a private school buildings especially closed them.
12-Provide of free transport for students because of the remoteness of housing from the government and UNRWA way 13- Increase a number of health units and water taps in schools to meet the students needs.
14-Provide central heating in public schools service if possible.
15-Working by the responsible authorities to strengthen the Internet which distributed to schools.
16-Coordination between the responsible authorities and school administrations in mitigation to reduce the acoustic pollution
17-Work to provide suitable place for keeping the students' needs in different grades.
18-Needing attention by the authorities concerned to build new schools check Palestinian standards in neighborhoods and villages that lack them, such as inspired El hashashin , El nassr neighborhoods waxed inspired by the editors and the village of academic levels so meet the needs of the population.
19-Insisting by officials and decision-makers on making all schools working in a single morning shift permanently and giving each school an independent building and get rid of double shifts.
20-Building extra new classrooms in large-sized schools to decrease the classroom density in the same school.
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