ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻀﺎﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ...

إدارة النظام البيئي في محمية ضانا الطبيعية

ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﻁﺎﺕ

قسم العلوم الإنسانية ، كلية الآداب ، جامعة الطفيلة

مجلة كلية الآداب - المجلد 3 - العدد 3 - 2010 - ص ص 252 - 274

الملخص  

    ﺘﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻀﺎﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ 35° 21َ-35° 33َE. &30° 33َ-30° 45َN.، ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ 308 ﻜﻡ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ , ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺈ ﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ، ﻜﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ 1600ﻡ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ، - 200 ﻡ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ، ﻤﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ، ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺼﻐﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ / ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻐﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ، ﺤﻭﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺜﻨﺎﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﺩﺩاً ﻜﺒﻴﺭاً ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ، ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺤﻭ 690 ﻨﻭﻋﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ، ﻭ 37 ﻨﻭﻋﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺩﻴﻴﺎﺕ، ﻭ 190 ﻨﻭﻋﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ. ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺠﺸﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ، ﻭﻀﻌﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻀﺒﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻡ، ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ، ﻓﻘﺩ ﻋﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻀﺎﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ 4000 ﺴﻨﺔ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺌﺭ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻗﺎﻁﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻋﻨﺔ، ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﻁ، ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻥ، ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍً ﺍﻟﻌﻁﺎﻋﻁﺔ؛ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻟﺘﺭﺩﻱ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻜﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻷﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ، ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ أﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ، ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺌﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ، ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ 25 ﻨﻭﻋﺎً ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻬﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻻﻨﻘﺭﺍﺽ: ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻘﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱ، ﻭﺍﻟﺫﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻱ، ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ  ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺢ ﻫﻭ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻜﺒﺢ ﺠﻤﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻼﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ؟.

ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ: ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ، ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ.

Environmental Management in Dana Natural Reserve 

Ali Al-Shabatat

Humanities Department, Faculty of Arts, Tafila University 

Technical.

ABSTRACT 

  Dana Natural Reserve (DNR) (308 square km) is located in the southern district of Tafila, restricted between (35° 21َ-35° 33َE. And 30° 33َ-30° 45َN.). Due to its location a wide variety of climate zones (it has mountain average heights of 1600 meters abs, and descends to the deserts of Wadi Araba -200 meters usl), DNR contains a remarkable diversity of landscapes that range from wooded highlands to rocky slopes, and from gravel plains to dunes of sand. Dana reserve represents three out of four biogeographical regions in Jordan. These regions are Mediterranean, Irano -Turanian and Tropical. This variation allows huge variation and diversification in such a limited area. This condensed variety of landforms and habitats, combined with dramatic changes in elevation, results in a vast biological diversity. The total number of species recorded so far consists of 690 plants, 37 species of mammals, and 190 species of birds. Dana area was well known in the previous history by Egyptians, Nabataeans, Romans and Islamic civilization, and recently Al- Ata'ata" tribes.Unfortunately, the area in the past and now faces the anthropogenic pressure (negative development, industrialization, cement factory, and degradation as soil erosion, over-grazing, deforestation, and mismanagement) affected wildlife, many of the species are now rare and some are threatened to extinction: animals like the sand cat, the Syrian wolf. So far, 25 endangered or vulnerable animals have been found in the reserve. The question that alerts us is how can we compact the deterioration of biodiversity? This research sheds light on the reasons which threaten and destroy the wildlife habitat; also, the research gives a remedy that may rescue this wildlife in Dana Natural Reserve. 

Keywords: Environmental Management, Environmental Deterioration, Biogeographical Regions.

حمله 

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