Production of Digital Climatic Maps Using Geostatistical Techniques
Hussain Zaydan Ali
Ministry of Science and Technology-Baghdad-Iraq
Saad H. Farraj
Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology-Iraq
JOURNAL OF MADENAT ALELEM COLLEGE - City College of Science University - Volume: 6 Issue: 2 - 2014 - Pages: 22-32
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for girded datasets of climate variables from fields such as hydrology, ecology, agriculture, climate change research and climate model verification. The girded climate data sets developed are very suitable for digital data storage and access. The temperature is the most important climatic elements. It effects on the various human activities. There is a mutual relationship between temperature and climate. It is the base motivation engine for the rest of the climate elements. Consequently this paper attempted to make spatial interpolation, of annual and monthly maximum temperature in Iraq for the period from 1970 to 2010 using spatial geostatistics tools in ArcGIS Version 9.3. This paper presents a methodology to produce accurate climatic maps. Validation of produced maps was examined by different criteria.
Keywords: Geographic information system, Geostatistical analyst, Kriging, Temperature.
إنتاج خرائط المناخ الرقمية باستخدام التقانات الجيوإحصائية
حســين زيــدان علي
وزارة العلوم والتكنولوجيا - بغـداد - العـراق
سعــد حلبوص فــرج
الهـيئة العامة للأنواء الجوية والرصد الزلزالي - العـراق
مجلة كلية مدينة العلم الجامعة - كلية مدينة العلم الجامعة - المجلد 6 - العدد 2 - 2014 - ص ص 22 - 32
الخلاصة
يوجد طلب متزايد على مجاميع البيانات الشبكية للمتغيرات المناخية من حقول المعرفة المتعددة مثل الهيدرولوجي ,علم البيئة ,الزراعة , بحوث التغيرات المناخية ,والتحقق من موديلات المناخ. إن مجاميع البيانات المناخية الشبكية المطورة تكون مناسبة للغاية لأغراض خزن البيانات الرقمية والوصول إليها , و تعد درجة الحرارة أكثر عناصر المناخ أهمية بسبب تأثيرها على النشاطات البشرية المختلفة. توجد علاقات متبادلة بين درجة الحرارة والمناخ لكونها المحرك الأساس لبقية عناصر المناخ و نتيجة لذلك فان البحث الحالي يحاول أن يعمل استنباط مكاني لمعدلات درجة الحرارة العظمى الشهرية والسنوية بالعراق للفترة من 1970 ولغاية 2010 باستخدام الأدوات الجيواحصائية المكانية في برنامج ArcGIS النسخة 9.3. يقدم هذا البحث طرائق لإنتاج خرائط مناخ دقيقة, وقد تم تدقيق الخرائط المنتجة باختبار معايير مختلفة.
كلمات مفتاحيه : نظام المعلومات الجغرافي,المحلل الجيوإحصائي ,kriging, درجة الحرارة.
Figure (2): Maximum Temperature, First Period, January, Using Ordinary Kriging, Spherical Model
Figure (3): Maximum Temperature, First Period, July, Using Using Ordinary Kriging, Spherical Model.
Figure (4): Maximum Temperature, Second Period, January, Using Ordinary Kriging, Spherical Model.
Figure (5): Maximum Temperature, Second Period, July, Using Ordinary Kriging, Spherical Model.
Figure (6): Maximum Temperature, Third Period, January, Using Ordinary Kriging, Spherical Model.
Figure (7): Maximum Temperature, Third Period, July, Using Ordinary Kriging, Spherical Model.
CONCLUSION:
Creation of digital grid maps makes it possible to obtain climatic information at any point, whether there is a weather station or not. Multiple factors condition the difficulty of map creation, such as the location of the site samples, spatial density, spatial variability etc. Interpolating values of climate variables from measurement stations to large areas istherefore fundamental and requires minimizing the extent of interpolation errors by using a suitableinterpolation method. Given a set of meteorological data, it's possible to use a variety of stochasticand deterministic interpolation methods to estimate meteorological variables at unsampledlocations.
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