التغيرات الجيومورفولوجية
لمظاهر السباخ في السهل الرسوبي
لمحافظة النجف باستعمال التقنيات الحديثة
أطروحة تقدمت بها
مروة جمال منذور الجبوري
إلى مجلس كلية الآداب - جامعة الكوفة
وهي جزء من متطلبات درجة الدكتوراه فلسفة
في الجغرافية
بإشراف
الأستاذ الدكتور
كامل حمزة فليفل الأسدي
1445هـجرية - 2022ميلادية
Geomorphological Changes of ALSABAKH features in
the Alluvial Plain of Najaf Governorate using Modern
Techniques
A Thesis submitted To the Council of the College of Arts - University of Kufa As a partial fulfillment of the requirements for Ph.D degree of Philosophy in Geography
By:
Marwa Jamal Mandour Jadoua Al-Jubouri
Supervised by:
Prof. Dr.
Kamel Hamza Fleifel Al-Assadi
2023 A.D. - 1445 A.H.
Abstract:
The study (Geomorphological changes of ALSABAKH features in the alluvial plain of Najaf Governorate using modern techniques), which is geographically located in the northern part of Najaf Governorate, and is bordered to the northeast by Babel Governorate, to the east by Al- Qadisiyah Governorate, and to the west and northwest by the desert triangle represented by the Najaf-Karbala plateau. As for astronomically, the study area is located between two latitudes (00 30 31 degrees - 00 20 32 degrees) north, and between two longitudes (00 10 44 degrees - 00 40 44 degrees) east, and thus its total area is (1221.3) km2, and many natural factors contributed to the formation of the appearance of ALSABAKH, namely the quality of the rocks, the surface, climate, water resources, soil, and natural vegetation. The study also aims to detect the change occurring in the appearance of ALSABAKH , as modern technologies represented by remote sensing and geographical information systems were relied upon to detect changes with the aim of producing digital maps of the region by adopting a time period represented by (2019, 2006, 1996, 1985, 1972) for the wet and dry season by analyzing satellite visuals from the American satellite (Landsat 1Mss for the year 1972, Landsat tm5 for the year 1985, Landsat mss5 for the year 1996, Landsat ETM+7 for the year 2006, and Landsat Tm 7 for the year 2019, which provides complete coverage of the study area, and identifying the most important causes of change and drawing maps which explains these changes, as we note that there is a change in the area of ALSABAKH and other types of land cover. The reason for the change in the areas of ALSABAKH is attributed to natural factors represented by climatic elements and human factors, which also had a role in increasing or decreasing the area of ALSABAKH. The field study also proved the accuracy of the results that were reached using modern techniques in determining the spatial distribution of ALSABAKH, as they were reached through visual interpretation, interpretation and statistical classification, and their locations were determined in the field, as well as describing the geomorphological phenomena associated with ALSABAKH. Soil samples were also taken and analyzed in the laboratory to determine the extent of their relationship between their characteristics and the formation of ALSABAKH in the study area. The structure of the study includes four chapters. The first chapter dealt with the geographical factors affecting the characteristics of ALSABAKH, which included (geology, surface, water resources, climate, soil, and natural vegetation). The second chapter dealt with the digital processing of the satellite images used in the study and their interpretation on the basis of their classification as well as the use of statistical indicators. The third chapter dealt with the chemical and physical properties of the soil of the alluvial plain and their relationship to the formation of ALSABAKH, as the samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the proportion of each of these elements and the extent of their effect on ALSABAKH. As for the fourth chapter, it dealt with the geomorphological changes in the appearance of ALSABAKH and their spatial and temporal distribution, and revealed the change that occurred during the period of the study. The study reached a number of conclusions, including the role of statistical classification in detecting ALSABAKH and other phenomena of water and vegetation by classifying high-accuracy statistical equations for each phenomenon through isolating pixels at a certain limit within bands.
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