التنمية فى منخفض القطارة الصحراء الغربية : دراسة فى الجيومورفولوجيا التطبيقية باستخدام تقنيات الاستشعارعن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية

التنمية فى منخفض القطارة الصحراء الغربية 

دراسة فى الجيومورفولوجيا التطبيقية

باستخدام تقنيات الاستشعارعن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية

رسالة مقدمة لنيل درجة الدكتوراه في الآداب جغرافيا

من قسم الجغرافيا ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية بكلية الآداب

جامعة بنها

إعداد الطالب 

مصطفي حجازي محمد حجازي

إشراف

أ.د. صابر أميـن دســوقي 

أستــاذ الجـيومـورفــولـوجيـــا ووكيل كلية الآداب السابق 

لشـئون خدمــة المجتمـــع وتنمية البيئة 

بكلية الآداب جامعة بنها

د. عــادل عبد المنعـم السـعدنى 

أستـاذ الجيومورفولـوجيــا المساعد 

ورئيس قسم الجغرافيا والخرائط

بكلية الآداب والعلـوم الإنسانية 

جامعة قنـاة السويس 

2015

Development in the Qattara 

Depression - Western Desert study in

Applied Geomorphology, 

using Remote Sensing and GIS

h.D. Thesis Submitted to the Geography 

& GIS. Department Benha University 

Prepared by 

Moustafa Hijazi Mohammed Hijazi 

Supervisors By

Prof. Dr / Saber Amin Dessouky 

Prof. Geomorphology & Vice Dien Faculty 

Of Arts- Benha University 

D. / Adel Abdel Moneim El Saadani

Prof. Geomorphology Assistant Faculty 

Of Arts and Humanities, Suez Canal University

2015

Summary of English 

Development in the Qattara 

Depression - Western Desert 

study in Applied Geomorphology,

 using remote sensing techniques 

and GIS 

  The Qattara Depression is located in the north-western part of Western Desert, and an area of 21216 km2 , and includes the study of five chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and a list of Arab and foreign references.

Chapter One: the natural characteristics of the Qattara Depression. It is clear that the geological formations Trough dropper old ranges between Middle Eocene and Miocene East, while the surface sediments belonging to the Pleistocene and Holocene. And infested fractures same direction northeastern southwestern, representing 84.5% of the total trends fractures, and the proportion of the space between the footsteps of contour (-25 and -80), about 65% of the total low space, which refers to the sovereignty of the surface and sub-level, and longer areas the most suitable for future development. There is a hot climate region dry in the summer, where the northwest wind account for 30% of total wind directions, and there is no scarcity of rainfall exceeding 12 mm / year .

Chapter II: the study of the morphology of the Qattara Depression. The study of the main morphological units such as the surface of the plateau margin and bottom edges and low forms and associated surface, such as karst depressions and numbering 47 low, and occupy an area of 198.5 km2 and extends mostly to the north of the northern edge. And consisted of the remaining hills in a modern Bulaustosan Pliocene and, as a result of various erosion in ocher limestone formations, and there are 23 drainage basin in the Qattara Depression, and be short discharged networks with bows and effortless, and dispose of the tree where the prevailing pattern. The limestone caves are a form of erosion and weathering processes in outcrops plateau, where they erode and sweep the rocks and the formation of the gap and breadth, then develop into advanced stages of geomorphology, until the collapse of the cave and fading. It varies Nabak distribution in the study area and rarely exceed one meter in length. Marshes and operates about 36% of the low space and are distributed in various areas on the low aspects. And it operates several sources of groundwater recharge Trough dropper, and estimated at around 200 million / m3 years, and in turn, to emanate soil composed permanent swamps and salt surface. Hummocks' deposits linked scourges reported by valleys during periods of the Pleistocene, and as a result of exposure to dryness and cracking become vulnerable to wind erosion activity, and be in the form of a cone .

Chapter III: Analysis of the Qattara Depression slopes. Study slopes explained the rule of gentle slopes on the edges of the low rate of 47.5% of the total lengths of sectors, with a Concave & Convex ratio to 1.62: 1 and an overall rate of decline of 15.6. The land that descend toward the north and north-eastern and western area ratio of 36.45%. Most of the slopes and take shape as a result of a peaceful multi-stage .

Chapter IV: A Study of "soil and groundwater and natural vegetation. Be low soil disjointed useless construction, and good drainage easy in the soil laundering operations, and most of them do not suffer from salinization except swamps and marshes wetland areas. So be easy reclamation and appropriate to the current development and future. And groundwater seep into low from several quarters, through the fractures which directly overhead at low, and draws low fresh water, from ocher tank, and sandstone Nubian, which seep upward to the top, flowing south and west and south of the low west. The area scarcities of rain, so are vegetation, and show some plant drought-tolerant groups such as tamarisk and salt-tolerant plants such as reeds. 

It examines Chapter V: development of the Qattara Depression. The aim of planting three million acres through the canal to connect the Nile to the low water, and can provide more than 20 billion m3 / year through the optimal use of water resources, to be capable of ensuring sustainable development projects in the study area .

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