ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ
ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ
ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ
ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ
ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ لنيل درجة الماجستير في الجغرافيا
ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ
ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺛﻲ
ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ
٤٢٦ -٨٠٠ -١٧
ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ
ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﺑﻮﺭﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻱ
Abstract
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed an accelerated terrorist
crimes over the past years. Particularly, Riyadh exposed to repeated
terrorist crimes in several areas. Therefore, this study aimed at the spatial
analysis of the terrorist crimes in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, depending on
means of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to understand
the distribution pattern of these crimes. Then, to understand how terrorists
select the geographical places for their crimes. The study focused in large
part on the analysis of terrorist crimes' sites that occurred in Riyadh in
order to more precisely identify the patterns of spatial distribution of
those crimes.
The study has reached that there is a variation of the terrorist
crimes that occur from one region to another. The largest share of them
was generally in Riyadh region, and particularly in Riyadh city, where
more than of 50% from the terrorist crimes were occurred.
It was founded, through the application of geographical distribution
pattern of the terrorist crimes in Riyadh city, that it is an accumulative
pattern. The connection-neighborly of all kinds of terrorist crimes was
66%, limited to 40 slums of Riyadh city, and confined in the center of the
city within a small area, at about 1.133.5 km 2; namely with 21.8% from
the total area of Riyadh city.
The application of Kernel led to know the focal areas of terrorist
crimes within Riyadh city. It was founded that highest densities of
terrorist crimes were concentrated in three areas in city center, its east and
south. Furthermore, eleven districts have been determined to be the most
vulnerable districts to terrorist crimes.
The study consists of five chapters. As for the first chapter, it has
the introduction. The second chapter has concentrated on the theoretical
fame and the previous studies. The third chapter has a study about the
occurrence sites of terrorist crimes in K.S.A. concerning the fourth
chapter; it handled the spatial analysis of the sites of terrorist crimes in
the city of Riyadh. Finally, the fifth chapter gets to the discussion of the
study's results and recommendations.
ملخص ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺇﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ. ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺇﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻧﻮﺍﺡﹴ ﻋﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ. ﻟﺬﺍ ﻫﺪﻓﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ؛ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻬﻢ ﳕﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ، ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﹶﻢ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﲔ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ عملياتهم. ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻛﺰﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ؛ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﳕﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ.
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ، ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ - ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ – ، ﻭﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ – ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ-؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ٥٠٪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ.
ﺗﺒﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﳕﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳕﻂ ﻣﺘﺠﻤﻊ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ٦٦٪، ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ٤٠ ﺣﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ، ﻭﺍﳓﺼﺮﺕ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ، ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ١.١٣٣.٥ﻛﻢ٢؛ ﺃﻱ ﲟﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ٢١.٨٪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ.
ﻭﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﲑﻧﻞ (kernel) ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﺰﺕ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ،ﻭﺷﺮﻗﻬﺎ، ﻭﺟﻨﻮبها. ﻛﻤﺎ ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ١١ ﺣﻴﺎﹰ ﻛﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ.
ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ: ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ، ﻭﺭﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ، ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ، ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ، ﻭﺧﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ، ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻـﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ بها. حمله من هنا
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