اﻹﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ وﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ واﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﻔﺎف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ

اﻹﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ وﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ 

واﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﻔﺎف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ

 1423 هـ - 2003

أﻋﺪت ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وزارة اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ واﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ وﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻐﺮب ﺁﺳﻴﺎ

اﻟﻔﻬﺮس 

أوﻻً : اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ .......................................................................................................... 2

ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎً : اﻹﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ وﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺁﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﻔﺎف ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ : ..... 5

اﻷهداف اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ .......................................................................................................... 5

اﻟﻬﺪف اﻷول اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ﺑﺎﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﺘﺪاﺑﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ..... 5
اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺠﻔﺎف واﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎرﻩ ................................................... 5
اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺔ ووﻗﻒ زﺣﻒ اﻟﺮﻣﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ .................................. 6
اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ورﻓﻊ اﻟﻮﻋﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ............................................... 6

ﺛﺎﻟﺜًﺎ : ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ واﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﻔﺎف ....................................... 8


اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻷول : اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ................................................................... 8

1-1 ﺣﺼﺮ وﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ا ﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻔﻠﺔ ...... 8
1-2 ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ وﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻨﻈﻢ واﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ............... 8
1-3 إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺄهﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪهﻮرة ورﻓﻊ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻨﻔﻴ ﺬ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ................ 9
1-4 ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﻣﺸﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ و إدارة اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة  ...................... 11
1-5 زﻳﺎدة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻤﻮارد اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ............................................................ 11
1-6 ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ وﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ﻟﻀﻤﺎن اﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺘﻬﺎ ..................................... 12

اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ : : اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺠﻔﺎف واﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎرﻩ ................................................ 13

2-1 ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ وﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺬة ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺠﻔﺎف واﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎرﻩ ............... 13
2-2 اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻹﻧﺬار اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺠﻔﺎف و ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ وﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ رﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ واﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻮﺟﻴﻪ وﺗﻌﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻐﻄﻲ كاﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ..................................................................................... 14

 اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ : اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺔ و ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺮﻣﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ ( وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﺸﺮة أﻧﺸﻄﺔ ) ............. 14

اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ : ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ................................................ 15

راﺑﻌﺎً : اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ............................................. 16

ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎً : اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ......................................... 18

 1-5 اﻟﻐﻄــﺎء اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ اﻟﺮﻋﻮي واﻟﺤﺮاﺟﻲ ....................................................... 18
 2-5 اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ .... ....................................................................................... 20
3-5 اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ .................................................................................. 23
1-3-5 اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ .............................................................................. 23
2-3-5 اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻮدﻳﺎﻧﻴﺔ .................................................................. 23
3-3-5 اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ .................. 24
4-3-5 اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ................................................................................ 24
1-4-3-5 ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﺨﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺮكبة  .......................... 25
2-4-3-5 ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ........................................... 25
4-5 اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ............................................................................... 26
5-5 اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻔﻄﺮﻳﺔ ................................................................................... 27

ﺳﺎدﺳﺎً : أهم اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺪهور اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ....................... 28

6-1 اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ ........................................................ 28
6-2 اﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ............................................................................... 29
6-2-1 اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ........................................................... 29
6-2-2 اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ..................... ........................................................ 29
6-2-3 ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﺮص اﻟﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت وﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻹﻋﺎﻧﺎت ........................................... 30
6-2-4 اﻟ ﺘﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﺤﻀﺮي ............................................................................. 32
6-2-5 اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ واﻟﺘﻨﺰﻩ ................................................................................ 32

 ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎً : ﻣﻈﺎهر اﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ : ............................................................................. 34

 7-1 اﻟﻤﺮاﻋﻲ ............................................................................................ 34
7-2 اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت ............................................................................................... 35
7-3 اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ...................................................................................... 36
7-4 اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ............................................................................................... 36
7-5 اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ............................................37
 7-6 اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ...................................................................................37
7-6-1 اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ ................................................................................... 38
7-6-2 اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ .................................................................................. 38

ﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎً : ﺟﻬﻮد اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ ............................................................ 40

1-8 ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ .............................................................................. 40
2-8 اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻲ ..................................................................................... 40
3-8 اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ وﺗﻨﻮﻳﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﻬﺎ .............................................................. 41
4-8 ﺧﻄﻂ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ......................................................................................... 41
5-8 ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﺤﻀﺮي .................................................................. 42
6-8 اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪاﻣﺔ .... .................................................................. 43
 7-8 ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ................................................................................. 44
1-7-8 إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺴﺪود اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻨﻴﺔ ........................................................................ 44
2-7-8 ﺗﺤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ ............................................................................. 45
3-7-8 ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ..................................................................... 45
4-7-8 إﻋﺎدة اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ ........................................................ 45
8-8 ﺗ ﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ........................ 46
9-8 إﺻﺪار اﻟﻨﻈﻢ و اﻟﻠﻮاﺋﺢ اﻟﺨﺎﺻ ﺔ ﺑﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻮارد وﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻬﺎ  ....................... 46
10-8 إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺄهﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﻋﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪهﻮرة ...................................................... 47
1-10-8 اﻹﺳﺘﺰراع ....................................................................................... 47
2-10-8 إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﻋﻮﻳﺔ واﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ( اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺠﺎت ) ........................................ 48
3-10-8 ﻧﺸﺮ وﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻷﻣﻄﺎر واﻟﺴﻴﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أراﺿﻰ اﻟﻤﺮاﻋﻲ ............................. 49
4-10-8 إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺨﺎزن اﻷﻋﻼف ...... ................................................................. 50
5-10-8 إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺤﻄﺎت إآﺜﺎر ﺑﺬور اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺮﻋﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ..................................... 50
11-8 ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت ....................................................................................... 51
1-11-8 ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت وﺣﺮاﺳﺘﻬﺎ ..................................................................... 51
2-11-8 اﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﺮ .......................................................................................... 51
3-11-8 اﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﺮ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺪن .............. ............................................................ 52
4-11-8 ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى .......................................................... 52
12-8 إﻧﺸﺎء ﺑﻨﻚ اﻟﺒﺬور واﻷﺻﻮل اﻟﻮراﺛﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ................................................. 53
13-8 ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻜﺜﺒﺎن اﻟﺮﻣﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ ................................................................. 53
14-8 ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ إﻧﺸﺎء وﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺰهﺎت اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ .................................................... 54
1-14-8 ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻩ ﻋﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ .............. ............................................................ 54
2-14-8 ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻩ إﺣﺴﺎء اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ .......................................................................... 55
3-14-8 ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻩ ﺳﻌﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ............................................................................. 56
4-14-8 ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻃﻮر اﻹﻧﺸﺎء ........................................................................ 56
1-4-14-8 ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻩ ﻣﺸﺎر اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﺑﺤﺎﺋﻞ ................................................................. 56
2-4-14-8 ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻩ اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ....................................................................... 56
3-4-14-8 ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻩ ﺣﺮﻳﻤﻼء اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ..................................................................... 57
4-4-14-8 ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻩ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ........................................................................ 57
5-4-14-8 ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻩ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ( ﺳﻴﺴﺪ ) .......................................................... 56
5-14-8 ﻣﻨﺘﺰهﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ......................................................................... 58
15-8 ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺠﺮاد ....................................................................................... 58
16-8 ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻔﻄﺮﻳﺔ وإﻧﻤﺎﺋﻬﺎ ................................................................... 59
17-8 ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎهﺞ اﻟﺪراﺳﻴ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ واﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ........................................... 60
1-17-8 اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ............................................................................ 60
2-17-8 اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻮارد ................................................................. 60
3-17-8 اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎهﺞ ............................................................ 61
18-8 اﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎت وﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ .................................................................... 61
19-8 اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت واﻟﺒﺤﻮث واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ واﻟﺘﺄهﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻ ت اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌ ﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة .......... 62
20-8 ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ......................................................................................... 64
21-8 اﻹﻋﻼم و اﻟﻮﻋﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ..........................................................................  65
22-8 اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺬة ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ......................... 65
23-8 دور ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻼت ﻓﻲ دﻋﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ : ................. 66
1-23-8 اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺰة واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ .................................................................. 65
2-23-8 اﻟﻤﺴﺎهﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﺮ ................................................................. 67
3-23-8 دور ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ واﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻇﺎهرة اﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ ........ 66

ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎً : ﺁﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ......................................................................................... 71

ﻋﺎﺷﺮاً : اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ واﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﻔﺎف .. 72

اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ ....................................................................................................... 73

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