PRACTISING HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Paul Cloke
Ian Cook
Philip Crang
Mark Goodwin
Joe Painter
Chris Philo
SAGE Publications
London • Thousand Oaks • New Delhi
2004
Summary of Contents
1 Changing practices of human geography: an introduction 1
PART I CONSTRUCTING GEOGRAPHICAL DATA 35
2 Official sources 41
3 Non-official sources 62
4 Imaginative sources 93
5 Talking to people 123
6 Observing, participating and ethnographies 169
PART II CONSTRUCTING GEOGRAPHICAL INTERPRETATIONS 207
7 Sifting and sorting 215
8 Enumerating 247
9 Explaining 285
10 Understanding 307
11 Representing human geographies 336
12 The politics of practising human geography 364
Contents
Preface x
Acknowledgements xvi
1 Changing practices of human geography: an introduction 1
Practising human geography? 1
A thumbnail history of practising human geography 7
Conclusion 31
Notes 32
PART I CONSTRUCTING GEOGRAPHICAL DATA 35
2 Official sources 41
Introduction 41
Types of official information 42
Information and state formation 43
The contemporary informational state 49
Understanding the construction of official information 53
Conclusion 61
Notes 61
3 Non-official sources 62
Introduction 62
Non-official sources in geographical research 63
Critical issues in the use of non-official data sources 68
Conclusion 91
Note 92
4 Imaginative sources 93
Introduction 93
Understanding the construction of imaginative sources 94
Imaginative sources in geographical research 104
Case studies 115
Conclusion 122
Notes
5 Talking to people 123
Introduction 123
The practices of talking to people 126
Questionnairing 130
Interviewing 148
Discussion groups 159
Ethics: an important end note 164
Notes 168
6 Observing, participating and ethnographies 169
Introduction: what is ethnography and how can it be geographical? 169
Geography’s humanistic ethnographies 171
The black inner city as Frontier outpost 173
Geography’s ‘new’ ethnographies 182
Top tips for prospective researchers 195
Conclusion: field-noting 196
Notes 204
PART II CONSTRUCTING GEOGRAPHICAL INTERPRETATIONS 207
7 Sifting and sorting 215
Sitting down with your data 215
What happens when we put things into boxes and make lists 223
A geographical detour into set theory 227
Alternatives and recommendations 240
Notes 245
8 Enumerating 247
Enumeration and human geography 247
Describing, exploring, inferring 253
Modelling spatial processes 264
Geocomputation 271
GIS and spatial analysis 272
The authority of numbers? 277
Notes 284
9 Explaining 285
The complexity of explanation 285
Explanation through laws: geography as spatial science 286
Explanation as causation 288
Intensive and extensive research 289
The search for a revolution in geographical explanation 290
Explanation through abstraction 291
Explanation and subjectivity 295
Explanation and practice 299
Concluding comments: from the explanation of geography
to the geographies within explanation 305
Note 306
10 Understanding 307
Introduction 307
Seven modes of understanding 310
Conclusion: between understanding and explanation 335
Notes 335
11 Representing human geographies 336
Introduction 336
The work of writing 337
Presenting research 342
Representation and rhetoric 347
Representation in practice 358
Beyond the book 362
Conclusion 363
Notes 363
12 The politics of practising human geography 364
The ‘personal’ politics of geographical practice 364
The politics of research practice 367
The politics of the academy 370
Ethics, morality and geographical research 374
Notes 375
References 376
Index 409
Practising Human Geography is critical introduction to disciplinary debates about the practice of human geography, that is informed by an inquiry into how geographers actually do research. In examining those methods and practices that are integral to doing geography, the text presents a theoretically-informed reflection on the construction and interpretation of geographical data - including factual and "fictional" sources; the use of core research methodologies; and the interpretative role of the researcher. Framed by an historical overview how ideas of practising human geography have changed, the following three sections offer an comprehensive and integrated overview of research methodologies.
Illustrated throughout. © Paul Cloke, Ian Cook, Philip Crang, Mark Goodwin, Joe Painter, Chris Philo 2004.
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