ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ
ﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ
ﻋﺒﺩ ﷲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻤﺩﻱ
ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ
ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ
ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ
ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ : ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ، ﻡ 14 ، ﻉ 1، ﺹ ﺹ 87 - 130 ( 1423 ﻫـ / 2003 ﻡ)
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ:
ﺸﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ، ﻭﺘﺒﻨّﻰ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺭﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ، ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻨﺎﺠ ﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺠﺫﺏ ﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﺃﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ . ﻭﻴﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻡ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ، ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻷﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻜل ﺩﻭﻟﺔ .
ﻭﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﺜﻠﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻓﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ، ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﻔل ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩﺍ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺎ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ .
ﺘﺼﻨﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ – ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻁﺭﺡ ﻤﺭﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ .
ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ، ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺢ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﺎ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺒل ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻴﻁﻴل ﻤﺩﺓ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻗﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ . ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺒﺭﺯ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺜﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ .
Towards More Effective Tourism Development in Jeddah: Issues Based on Features and Opinions of Tourists
ALGHAMDI, ABDULLAH MOHAMMED
Dept. of Urban & Regional Planning
College of Environmental Design
King Abdulaziz University
ABSTRACT : Tourism has lately become amongst the most effective economic sectors, worldwide. High number of countries embarked on programs for developing domestic tourism, to achieve one or both of the following objectives: reducing leakage of money that happens through local tourists traveling to tourism areas abroad and gaining revenues through inbound tourists coming to domestic tourism areas. Indeed, tourism development has succeeded more where a comprehensive approach was adopted: that approach treats visitors for leisure as one category of tourists, others being those coming on year-round basis for other various purposes. including education, shopping, culture, sports, …etc. This paper classifies the tourism attractions in Jeddah – as a case study, and draws useful guidelines for the future of domestic tourism development. The study is primarily based on analyzing features and opinions of tourists. That is because tourist is the most capable of precisely determining what attracts him to particular tourism area, and what induces him to come back to it. It is hoped that this study will stimulate further research on this subject, for the benefit of the Saudi domestic tourism.
4- ﺍﺴـﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ :
ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ، ﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔـﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻡ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ، ﺒل ﻭﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ . ﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ، ﺘﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺢ : ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﺤﺼﺭ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ، ﻭﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻟﺤﺼﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﻴـﺔ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ .
ﻭﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺩﺕ ﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎ ﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻤﺅﺸـﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺴﺱ ﻻﺴﺘﺤﺜﺎﺙ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﻕ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻜﺒـﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ، ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ، ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ . ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ :
1 - ﺒﺭﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺴـﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ . ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺘﻨﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺴﺏ ﻋﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺇﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﻁﺎﺏ ﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﺃﺠﺎﻨﺏ، ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗل ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺭﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ .
2 - ﺘﻘﺘﺭﺡ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬ ﻴﺔ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ، ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﻴﻥ :
ﺃ - ﻴﻔﺩ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺤﻼﺕ ﻋﺎﺌﻠﻴﺔ، ﻭﻴﺭﺒـﻭ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺭﻴﺎل ﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ، ﻭﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺇﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻤ ﺎﺌﺔ ﺭﻴﺎل ﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ، ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺩﺍﺌـﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ .
ﺏ - ﺘﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺃﻗـل ﻤـﻥ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ . ﻭﻟﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ، ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺴـﺘﺭﺍ ﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ، ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ .
3 - ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﺭﺹ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬـﺎ ﺒـﺎﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﺜﻠﻭﻥ ﻓﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ . ﻴﻜﻔل ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﺂﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ ( ﻓﻨـﺎﺩﻕ، ﺘﺴﻭﻕ، ﻋﻼﺝ، . .. ﺍﻟﺦ ) ﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻤﺠﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻀﻴﻘﺔ .
4 - ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ ﻤﻔﻬـﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ، ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺠﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ، ﻤـﻥ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻭﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ . ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴـﻕ ﻤـﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺀﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨـﺏ ﻭﺒـﻴﻥ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺁﺨﺭ .
5 - ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ، ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺭ ﺍﺀ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـﻭﺍﺡ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل . ﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺢ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﺫﺒﻪ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﻤﻭﻗـﻊ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺁﺨﺭ، ﻭﺘﻁﻴل ﻤﺩﺓ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻗﺘﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ، ﺒل ﻭﺘﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻭﺩﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ .
6 - ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ، ﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﻭﺼﻨﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺠـﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ، ﻭﺒﺭﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ . ﻭﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ، ﻟﻡ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺠﺫﺏ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻤّﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﻗﻌﺎ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل، ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴﺅﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻗﺘﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨـﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻡ .
7 - ﺍﺘﺨﺫﺕ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻭﺸﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺩﺍﺨـل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ، ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺘﺎﺩﻩ ( ﻭﻓﻕ ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ) ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺘﻜﺭﺭ .
ﻭﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻤﺠﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ، ﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻴﻔﺩﻭﻥ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺘﻘﻊ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ . ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺤﺎل، ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺨﻠﻼ ﺠﺩﻴﺭﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺘـﻭﺍﺅﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﻡ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻭﺒـﻴﻥ ﺭﻏﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻭﺍﺡ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺁﺨﺭ .
8 - ﺒﺭﺯ ﻀﻌﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸـﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺭﺭ ( ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺠﻠﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﻼﺕ، ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل، ... ﺍﻟﺦ ) ، ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ – ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ – ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ، ﻜﻌـﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻤـﺅﺜﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﻗﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻤﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻤﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﺘـﺭﺓ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺘـﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻗﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻡ ﻋﻤّﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻤـﻥ ﻗﺒـل . ﻭﻴﻁﺭﺡ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻼﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨـﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﻋﻤﻭﻤـﺎ ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ .
9 - ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻜﺜـﺭ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻭﻋﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﺴـﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻋﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺘـﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻓـﺭﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ .
ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺒﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭل ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ – ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ – ﺘﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻋﺩﻴـﺩﺓ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺨـﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل، ﻭﻓﻕ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺤﺔ .
5 - ﺨﺎﺘﻤــﺔ :
ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺘﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺎﺕ ﻤﻔﻴـﺩﺓ ﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ، ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭل ﻟﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺜﺎﺙ :
ﺃﻭﻻ: ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺘﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ، ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺨﺼـﺎﺌﺹ ﻭﺭﻏﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ، ﻭﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ.
ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ: ﻤﻭﺍﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺘﻤﺜﻠﻬـﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘ ﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴـﻠﻡ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ.
ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎ: ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ – ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ – ﺘﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬـﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻤل ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴـﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ، ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﻤﺭﺍﻋـﺎﺓ ﺠﻭﺍﻨـﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺤﺔ .
ﻭﻗﺩ ﻋﻨﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﺭﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻭﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ . ﻜﻤﺎ ﺼﻨﻔﺕ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ . ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺃﺕ – ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ – ﺒﻌـﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ .
ﺜﻡ ﺭﺼﺩﺕ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ، ﺘﻁﺭﺡ ﺃﺴﺴﺎ ﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁـﻴﻁ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ . ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ، ﻭﻤﺩﻋﻭﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴـل ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ، ﻤﻊ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨـﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل .
ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻘﻑ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﻀـﻴﻊ ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻭﻤﻔﺼـﻠﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺜﻘـﺔ، ﻻ ﺴـﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻀﻌﺔ .
ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠــﻊ :
[1] ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ، ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ، ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ . ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﺒﻬﺎ ( 1417 ﻫـ ).
[2] Murph P., .1991 Tourism: A community Approach.
[3]Methuess, New York, USA .(1991)
[ ] ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ، ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ ( 1990 - 1995ﻡ)، ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ، ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ، ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ( 1990ﻡ ).
[4] Burkart and Medlik, Tourism: Past, Present and Future. Philip Allan, Oxford Page 45 .
[5] ﻭﻜﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ، ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ، ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﺒﺄﺒﻬﺎ ( 1417 ﻫـ ).
[6] Inskeep E., Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1991).
[7] The Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs – MOMRA, Jeddah Action Master Plan : Final Report. Deputy Ministry for Town Planning , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (1980).
[8] The Jeddah Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Features of the Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia. The Chamber, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (1992).
[9] Fayez Z., Assessment and Study for the Jeddah Northern Korneish: A Technical Report. Jeddah Municipality, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (1993).
[10] Alshahrani, M. and Alghamdi, A., Evaluation for Jeddah Tourism Services, Administration of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (1998).
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