ICRISAT - Locations - Bangladesh
With the highest human density of population, shrinking access to land and high vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change, Bangladeshi farmers face many challenges on the route to food security and climate resilience. What are the appropriate solutions for them to improve their yields and incomes, get out of poverty and better adapt to climate change?
20 to 30% - Part of Bangladesh territory flooded in a normal year
2/3 – Extent of Bangladesh territory that is less than 5 meters above sea level
80% - Share of agricultural land in Bangladesh cultivated with rice
60% - Percentage of landless farmers in Bangladesh
41% - Share of stunted children under five in Bangladesh
Bangladesh, the most densely populated country in the world, lies almost entirely in the delta floodplains of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers. This is fertile land, 80% cultivated with rice with two paddy harvests a year. But they are prone to regular floods and cyclones, which have a severe impact on rural livelihoods. Between 20-30% of the country is normally flooded each year. The country is highly vulnerable to climate change, two-thirds of the territory being less than 5 meters above sea level. Rising sea levels have increased soil salinity in coastal areas, making it less suitable for agriculture.
Agriculture is labour intensive: it employs 44% of the national workforce and generates less than 20% of the GDP. Despite human development progress in recent years, poverty, especially in rural areas, is very high. Poverty is partly explained by the scarcity of arable land due to population growth, land degradation and urbanization. Average farm sizes are too small to support a family adequately and are declining in size. Roughly 10% of farmers own 50% of the arable land, while 60% are functionally landless.
Malnutrition is high due to recurrent food shortages, an unbalanced diet mainly composed (75%) of rice, and lack of nutrition awareness. Half the children under the age of five suffer from some level of anaemia and 41% are stunted (Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011).
ICRISAT research in Bangladesh
To reduce the high level of rural poverty, policymakers and development organizations need a better understanding of the constraints facing rural households, what causes poorest smallholders and rural laborers to be trapped in poverty and what possible development pathways there could be out of it.
Under the Village Dynamics in South Asia (VDSA) project, changes in rural poverty are being tracked at household and village levels in 12 communities in rural Bangladesh since 2009. We look at the various dimensions of rural livelihoods and its drivers, from shifts in farming systems to nutrition data. A major shift from rice cultivation to fish farming, for instance, was observed in Nishaiganj, one of the villages chosen for data collection.
Gender data such as the role of women in crop cultivation, asset ownership and decision-making are also collected which will hopefully help design policy changes leading to greater gender equity.
Together with the Center for Policy Dialogue (CPD), ICRISAT is guiding the national policy dialogue on climate change adaptation in agriculture, leading to science based policy recommendations to adapt to climate change, such as transforming the northern drought-prone region into a non-rice crop growing zone, particularly in the dry season.
Key documents on Bangladesh agriculture and food security strategy
Country Investment Plan, 2010
Key statistics
| Country profile | Agriculture land (ha) | Population (2012) | Economy | Poverty |
Gender
|
Nutrition
|
| BANGLADESH |
9.128
million
70.1% of country land area (13.017 million)
|
150.4
million
202 million
by 2050
2.2 births/woman
Growth: +1.19%/year
|
GNI/capita: US$ 770
Rank of Doing Business (out of 185 countries):
129
|
43%
Population living on less than US$ 1.25 a day
MPI: 0.292
HDI: 0.515 (rank:143)
|
0.518
Gender inequity index
Female/male secondary education ratio 0.784
Female/male labour force participation: 0.679
|
41%
of children under five who are stunted
GHI (2012): 24 ↘14% compared to GHI 2001
|
| GNI=Gross national Income, MPI= Multidimensional Poverty Index, HDI= Human Development Index, GHI= Global Hunger Index | ||||||
Agroecological zones in Bangladesh. 
Source: FAO
Source: FAO
Broadly, Bangladesh has three major physiographic units: floodplains, terraces and hills. Floodplains constitute about 80% of the total area whereas terrace and hills occupy about 8% and 12% respectively. The most striking feature of the country’s hydrology is the seasonal cycle of flooding and drainage. The heavy rainfall between May-October comes at a time when the major rivers are bringing large volumes of water from their upper courses thus causing flood in the country. The country has 30 agroecological zones (map).
Production (t), area (ha) and yield (kg/ha) of ICRISAT's mandate crops in Bangladesh.
CROP
|
2010
|
2011
|
2012
| ||||
Production
|
Area
|
Production
|
Area
|
Production
|
Area
|
Yield
| |
Groundnut with shells
|
53,467
|
33,591
|
53,664
|
31,755
|
55,000
|
32,000
|
1,718
|
Chickpea
|
5,744
|
7,224
|
6,605
|
8,229
|
7,000
|
8,500
|
823
|
Pigeonpea
|
772
|
811
|
676
|
732
|
700
|
800
|
875
|
Sorghum
|
251
|
196
|
254
|
187
|
254
|
187
|
1,358
|
Millets
|
11,990
|
35,871
|
10,500
|
35,000
|
12,000
|
38,000
|
315
|
Maize
|
887,391
|
152,009
|
1,018,287
|
165,542
|
2,040,000
|
340,000
|
6,000
|
Source: FAO STAT.
Chickpea the champion: charging ahead, changing lives
It’s incredible. For uncounted generations, farmers who till some of the world’s most productive soils have left land fallow for months after harvesting a single crop of rice. Between cropping seasons, they just waited for the next rains. Stupid? Lazy? Far from it. Few farmers are smarter and none work harder. But there was simply nothing they could do. The soil, once drained of the water that nourished their rice, became as hard as rock, totally impenetrable.
Download:
204Kb
Date:31/Dec/2002
Betting on biotechnology
Without the drought tolerance, nutrient use efficiency, pest and disease resistances, and many other traits that are built into genetic fabric of plants adapted to the dry tropics. It would be difficult to envision a Grey to Green Revolution. Much progress has already been made using conventional breeding to accentuate these traits and add new ones. But may believe that what has been achieved so far will pale in comparison with the advances yet to come through the revolutionary new tools of biotechnology.
Download:144Kb
Date:31/Dec/2001
Making every moment count
The short 4-6 month growing season is a fleeting window opportunity that can make or break the livelihoods of the poor in the dry tropics. Farmers struggle to extract every possible bit of green from the grey landscape while they have the chance. But a single low-yielding cereal crop is often all they can muster. Through a range of ingenious technologies that enable them to fit more and higher-value crops into their systems, ICRISAT and partners are helping these farmers tern their grey world green.
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Date:31/Dec/2001
Water: The essence that greens the grey
Without water, there is no agriculture - or life. Yet in the dry zones that form ICRISAT's mandate responsibility, drought occurs roughly two out of every five years. The scant rain often falls in short, intense bursts. Sadly, much of (40-70%) is lost as runoff, evaporation, or deep drainage before it can contribute to crop production or village reserves.
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Date:31/Dec/2001
ICRISAT gets $ 1.2 Million from ADB for genomics research
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has pledged US$ 1.2 million to ICRISAT over a period of 3 years (January 2001 to December 2003) for the research project “Study on Rapid Crop Improvement for Poor Farmers in the Semi-Arid Tropics”.
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Date:20/Jan/2001
Chickpea collaborative research fruitful: ICRISAT DG
"India grows 70 per cent of the world's chickpea (chana in Hindi), and any progress we achieve together to improve this crop will benefit a large section of farmers and consumers not only in this country but also in South Asia, and worldwide," declared Dr William D Dar, ICRISAT Director General, inaugurating a two-day ICAR-ICRISAT Chickpea Breeders' Meet at ICRISAT-Patancheru today.
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Date:10/Jan/2001
Partnerships for rapid crop improvement
When dealing with crop improvement it helps if technology can hasten the process. And the improved crops can be introduced to the farmers more effectively if the international research institution partners with private seed companies and national agricultural research institutions.
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Date:18/Jul/2003
Scientists' meet on chickpea
The second biennial meet on chickpea research, jointly organised by the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) will be held at ICRISAT's Patancheru campus on January 16 and 17.
Download:295Kb
Date:16/Jan/2003
International networks bridge relief-development gap
In a recently released study, the Future Harvest Foundation and CARE have shown that through efficient agricultural and natural resource management international agricultural research centers and relief organizations have managed to bridge the gap between development and relief.
Download:317Kb
Date:12/Jun/2004
Identifying research priorities in South and West Asia
The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is hosting an international workshop on need assessment and prioritization of agricultural research for South and West Asia. The workshop is jointly organized with the Asia-Pacific Association for Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI).
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Date:07/Oct/2004
Workshop on rabi cropping in rice fallows
Scientists are meeting this week to discuss a problem of immense proportions. For uncounted generations, South Asian farmers, who till some of the world's most productive soils, have had to leave land fallow for months after harvesting a single crop of rice.
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Date:28/May/2002
DFID (PSP) and ICRISAT : Rabi Cropping in Rice Fallows
ICRISAT, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, invites you to a Press Conference, at their Patancheru campus at 10.30 am Thursday May 30 2002, to hear firsthand about the outcome of the Workshop on Rabi Cropping in Rice Fallows.
Download:302Kb
Date:28/May/2002
ICRISATs village dynamics studies to help reduce poverty in the drylands
Grassroots-based information articulating the voices of the poor can greatly help reduce poverty in the drylands. Along with this, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) will further improve global understanding of the dynamics of rural poverty through the recently launched Village Dynamics Studies (VDS) project.
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Date:02/Nov/2009
Sparking a grey-to-green revolution for dry areas
The dry tropics represent one of the harshest ecological zones of the world, where food production is an unpredictable enterprise. The region is home to hundreds of millions of desperately poor Africans and Asians. Most of the poor are in South Asia, where the population is expected to increase by about 1.4 billion over 1990-2020. Sometimes they are called the grey areas, because their thirsty soils look are dry and dusty, leaving their peoples grey with despair. ICRISAT's research is targeted at the smallholders who scratch out a living from these dry areas. They have been mostly bypassed by the Green Revolution of the 1960s/70s that depended on reliable irrigation and high fertilizer applications to double or triple production.
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Date:28/Apr/2001
Tropical Legumes II – New varieties spread, millions of lives touched
The importance of legumes to the nutrition and income of the poor was highlighted during the Tropical Legumes II South Asia regional meeting held at the ICRISAT headquarters on 27-29 May. Preliminary results of the project reveal promising adoption of new varieties in South Asia.
Download:375Kb
Date:07/Jun/2013
Attractive net returns promote adoption of cultivars
Experience of the Tropical Legumes II (TL II) project showed that profitable net returns, rather than physical yield of cultivars, is a stronger motivating factor for farmers to adopt cultivars.
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Date:14/Nov/2014
Insights into rural dynamics in India and Bangladesh
Research by ICRISAT and partners reveals that rural per capita income is on the rise in the semi-arid regions of India and Bangladesh. Adoption of high yielding varieties and
access to farm equipment and livestock resources played an important role in the increase in income.
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Date:07/Nov/2014
Partnership with SAARC to help farmers in South Asia
A new partnership has been formed to build a network to accelerate the use of technologies in agriculture across eight countries in South Asia. This was announced at the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) Agriculture Centre (SAC) and ICRISAT. SAC and ICRISAT will look for opportunities to carry out joint research in areas of mutual interest by sharing existing resources and results, as well as facilitate policy changes in National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) to speed up the process of varietal release and dissemination in the region.
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Date:26/Aug/2016
A regional workshop on “Improvement and development of emission factor for nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soil management”.
To design and implement greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies and low emissions development strategies, representatives from seven Asian countries met recently to develop country-level roadmaps for emission factor development and improvement.A regional workshop on “Improvement and development of emission factor for nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soil management” saw participants from Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam focus on: Applying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and methodologies for developing country-specific emission factor for N2O emissions from agricultural soil management; Understanding how to conduct actual measurements of N2O from agricultural soil management, including data analysis and calculations; Identifying potential publications or other sources of country-specific data needed to develop emission factors; and Identifying on-going national, regional and international projects/initiatives on N2O measurements that could foster future networking and collaboration on emission factor development.
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Date:24/Jun/2016
Book on climate change challenges and adaptations launched at ICRISAT
Climate Change Challenges and Adaptations at Farm-level – Case studies from Asia and Africa: Emphasizes the importance of farm-level adaptation in mitigating the risks of climate change in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. It highlights the key issues that arise in farm-level impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, and discusses the methodological approaches undertaken in Asia and Africa. Systematically describing the perceptions and aspirations of the farmers themselves, the chapters identify constraints and opportunities. Furthermore, the book discusses livelihood strategies for poor farmers across Asia and Africa. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches are used to understand climate change impacts, adaptation options and vulnerability at crop and household level.
Download:183Kb
Date:01/Apr/2016
Next 100 Voices launched: Women in Agriculture
In this series speakers talk about the challenges women face in agriculture and how suitable policies, training, education etc., can empower them to play a significant role in ensuring food security for their families. This series was launched on International Women’s Day at ICRISAT. View videos here: http://www.icrisat.org/100-voices/
Download:211Kb
Date:11/Mar/2016
Communicating agri-biotech at Dhaka
ICRISAT, in collaboration with the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA) and the Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture (SFSA) organized a media seminar-workshop at Dhaka on 29-30 August. More than 25 journalists from the major media outlets in Bangladesh and two each from Pakistan and Sri Lanka attended the workshop.
Date:02/Sep/2005
Climate change meeting in Bangkok
A 2-day Annual Review Planning Meeting on Vulnerability to climate change: adaptation strategies and layers of resilience held on 30 September and 1 October at Maruay Garden Hotel, near the Department of Agriculture in Bangkok, Thailand, focused on climate change this year.
Download:220Kb
Date:09/Oct/2009
Village Dynamics Insights - Fluctuations in rural poverty levels in Bangladesh
The first set of findings which covered 62 villages were included in a paper titled: Did the commodity price spike increase rural poverty in Bangladesh? This study found that prior to the global crisis in commodity markets in 2007-2008, Bangladesh had enjoyed two decades of relative success in reducing rural poverty. From 1988 to 2004 the percentage of rural households below the poverty line fell from 62% to 44%, a reduction that was associated with a shift towards non-farm employment. However, the surge in commodity prices in 2007–2008 and the resultant higher prices in food staples such as rice increased the poverty incidence to 45% and pushed millions below the poverty line.
Download:224Kb
Date:01/Oct/2015
Village Dynamics Insights - Spotlight on agriculture in Bangladesh
A strong trend of people moving out of agriculture, women playing a greater role, increasing trend in average age of farmers, declining landholding per capita, and increasing tenancy farming are different elements of the mosaic of agricultural transformation in Bangladesh.
Download:368Kb
Date:26/Jun/2015
VDSA data warehousing workshop held at Patancheru
A data warehousing workshop of the Village Dynamics in South Asia (VDSA) project supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), and jointly implemented by ICRISAT, IRRI and NCAP in partnership with national institutes in Bangladesh and India, was held on 26 March – 6 April at ICRISAT-Patancheru. Microsoft-Sonata is providing the technical support for the VDSA data warehousing initiative.
Download:640Kb
Date:06/Apr/2012
VDSA meeting of minds – harmonizing data management, research and advocacy
“Coordinate, communicate, follow-up” – This was the crux of the message delivered to stakeholders during the Village Dynamics Studies in South Asia (VDSA) project harmonization workshop organized at Golkonda Resorts, Gandipet, from 13-15 September.
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Date:21/Sep/2012
CGIAR Fund Council approves CRPs on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals
Strategic global agricultural research partnerships are indispensable in addressing the contemporary challenges of hunger, poverty and climate change. This is the rationale behind the CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) – an approach that advances the CGIAR’s vision to reduce poverty and hunger, improve human health and nutrition, and enhance ecosystem resilience.
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Date:19/Oct/2012
Village Dynamics in South Asia a successful flagship project
VDSA is regarded as a highly successful flagship project at the Gates Foundation. We are proud of its achievements and will continue to support it. The true measure of its success is that data are being used by students and researchers for knowledge generation, and by policymakers for evidence-based decision making,” said Mr Tuu-Van Nguyen, representing the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Date:16/Nov/2012
Hands-on training in phenotyping of diseases in chickpea and pigeonpea
Developing crop varieties resistant to disease and maintaining their resistance are major challenges in plant breeding. Accurate diagnosis and greater understanding of causal agents of disease is key to success in this area. Improving knowledge of these diseases using modern methods is therefore crucial.
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Date:14/Dec/2012
Harmonization of data for better policy analysis across VDSA project regions
With the high demand for Village Dynamics Studies in South Asia (VDSA) household data across the globe, maintaining high quality survey activities and harmonizing data management across the three project regions – semi-arid tropic (SAT) India, east India and Bangladesh – have become vital. This was emphasized during the VDSA project workshop organized on 12-14 December at Patancheru.
Download:1442Kb
Date:21/Dec/2012
Building capacity of developing country scientists across Africa and Asia, in integrated breeding of grain legumes
About 26 delegates representing 15 countries from Asia (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Laos, Myanmar and Philippines,) and Africa (Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia) were trained in ‘Pre-breeding and crop improvement in grain legumes’ at ICRISAT Patancheru from 9-20 December. The course was aimed at updating legume breeders working in developing countries on recent developments in integrated breeding of three grain legumes – chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut.
Download:237Kb
Date:27/Dec/2013
USAD Meso-level database coverage
http://www.slideshare.net/icrisatsmco/meso-level-database-poster-16
Rural livelihood transformation in Bangladesh
Agricultural labor dynamics in Bangladesh
Agricultural transformation in Bangladesh
White mycelial strands of Sclerotium rolfsii on chickpea roots
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:14/Aug/2012
White mycelial growth at the collar region in chickpea, caused by collar rot
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:14/Aug/2012
Patches of chickpea plants killed by fusarium wilt
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:14/Aug/2012
Lesions caused by botrytis gray mold on chickpea seed and inner pod walls
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:14/Aug/2012
Chickpea pods showing lesions caused by botrytis gray mold
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:14/Aug/2012
Chickpea twigs showing rotting symptoms caused by botrytis gray mold infection
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:14/Aug/2012
Chickpea stem affected by botrytis gray mold showing grayish fungal mycelium and sporulation
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:14/Aug/2012
Close up of lesion caused by ascochyta blight on a chcikpea pod wall, with pycnidial bodies arranged in concentric rings
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:14/Aug/2012
Chickpea stem showing pycnidial bodies on the elongated lesion caused by ascochyta blight
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:14/Aug/2012
Symptoms of black root rot in chickpea
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:13/Aug/2012
Part of exposed root tissue in chickpea showing sclerotial bodies of Rhizoctonia bataticola
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:13/Aug/2012
Scattered dried plants of chickpea affected by dry root rot
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:13/Aug/2012
Chickpea twig (left) showing phyllody symptomsa and a normal twig (right)
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Colonies of Aphis craccivora on the chickpea stem
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
A transverse cut of a stunt - infected plant showing brown phloem ring at the collar region
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Chickpea plant affected by stunt
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Section of rotting seeds (bottom row) caused by Pythium ultimum in naturally infested soil and healthy germinated chickpea seedling (right)
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Symptoms of basal stem rot in chickpea caused by phytophthora root rot
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Dried chickpea plants due to phytophthora root rot
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Drooping of leaves in chickpea caused by fusarium wilt
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Young chickpea plants with dull green leaves, killed by fusarium wilt
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Brownish sclerotial bodies of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a split chickpea stem
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Whitish mycelial growth and brownish sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on chickpea stem
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Stemphylium blight lesions on chickpea leaflets
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Pycnidial bodies of Phoma medicaginis on chickpea pods
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Symptoms of colletotrichum blight on chickpea pods and seeds
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Lesions of alternaria blight on chickpea leaflets
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Lesions caused by ascochyta blight on kabuli chickpea seeds (healthy seeds at left)
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
A susceptible chickpea cultivar (right) killed by ascochyta blight
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Symptoms of ascochyta blight on chickpea stems, leaves, and pods
Credit:ICRISAT
Date Taken:10/Aug/2012
Spotlight on agriculture in Bangladesh
Credit:ICRISAT
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Agricultural Markets and Risks in Asia:Challenges to Manage both for Dryland Cereals & Pulses by Dr Ranjit Kumar
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