المنطقة الممتدة فيما بين القصير ومرسى أم غيج
دراسة جيومورفولوجية
The Region between Al Quseir and Marsa Umm Gheig A Geomorphological Study
رسالة مقدمة لنيل درجة الدكتوراه في الآداب من قسم الجغرافيا
قسم الجغرافيا ونظم المعلومات
كلية الآداب - جامعة الإسكندرية
إعداد
أحمد محمد أحمد أبورية
Submitted by
Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Abou Raiah
إشراف
الأستاذ الدكتور فتحى عبد العزيز أبو راضى
أستاذ الجغرافيا الطبيعية والخرائط
عميد كلية الآداب السابق - جامعة الإسكندرية
Supervision of Prof. Fathy A. Abou Raddy
Prof. of Physical Geography and Cartography,
Former Dean of the Faculty of Arts
Alexandria University
الإسكندرية ٢٠٠٧
ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻓﻰ وﺳﻂ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ,وﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ1400 كم٢ ﺗﻘﺮيباً ,ﺗﺒﺪأ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎلاً ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﺮﺳﻰ أم ﻏﻴﺞ ﺟﻨﻮباً وﺗﻄﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ٥٠كم٢ ﺗﻘﺮيباً،وﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ 35كم٢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮق إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﺮب.ﻳﺤﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ،وﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮب ﺧﻂ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ وادي إﺳﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ورواﻓﺪ وادي اﻟﻌﻤﺒﺎﺟﻰ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ،وﻳﺤﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب ﺧﻂ ﺗﻘﺴ ﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ رواﻓﺪ أودﻳﺔ إﺳﻞ ،وزر ،أﺑﻮ ﺷﻴﺒﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ،وﺑﻴﻦ رواﻓﺪ وادي أم ﻏﻴﺞ ﺧﺎرجا اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ،ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺤﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﺧﻂ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﺮواﻓﺪ وادي اﻟﻌﻤﺒﺎﺟﻰ واﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﺼ ﺨﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ،وﻣﻦ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻤﻢ اﻟﺠﺒﻠﻴﺔ أﺑﺮزها ﺟﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻋﻰ ١٤٣٩م ،ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺒﻞ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻄﻴﻮر ١١٠١م ،وﺟﺒﻞ ﻣﻠﺠﻲ ٧٧٣م ،وﺟﺒﻞ ﺣﻤﺮات ﻏﻨﺎم ٥٠٢م ،ﺟﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻄﻮى ١٠٥٦م .
وﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ؛ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ أودﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﻨﺎرﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﺤﻮﻟﺔ ،وﻓﻰ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ؛ واﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﺴﻬﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲ ،وﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻋﻤﺮهﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺼﺮى اﻟﻤﻴﻮﺳﻴﻦ واﻟﻬﻮﻟﻮﺳﻴﻦ.
وﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﺮت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮكات اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ،واﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻌﺪ أهمها ﺣﺮكة ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﺧﺪود اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ،واﻟﺬى اﻧﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ آﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺼ ﺪوع ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ وﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ أﺟﺰاء أودﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ .
The Region between Al Quseir and Marsa Umm Gheig A Geomorphological Study
Summary
The study area lies in the Middle part of Egyptian Eastern desert, on western side of the Red Sea, between latitudes 25° 36' 05" N - 26° 05' 45" N and longitudes 34° 00' 2" E - 34° 32' 06" E .It occupies about 1400 square kilometers.
The research contains six chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion.
Chapter one: "Geological study of the area"
It deals with studying the distribution and description of various kinds of rocks and the time rock units ranging from pre-Cambrian to Quaternary. It includes basement rocks in the western part and sedimentary rocks in the coastal zone (eastern part) .
It also concern with studying the secondary structural features, ( faults, folds, joints and intrusive rocks).
This chapter also gives an idea about the geological evolution of the area.
Chapter Two: " Morphmetric analysis of the drainage basins and networks of the study area"
It concerned with studying the main characters of the drainage basins in the area. This chapter includes two parts:
* The First part deals with Basins characters ( their areas, dimensions, forms, and characteristics of their Surfaces) .
* The Second part discuses ( The nine drainage networks, their streams order from the Fifth to Seventh order, also it discuses their Morphmetric characters ( lengths, numbers, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, and distances between Streams ).
It deals with studying the most important Drainage Patterns e.g. Dendritic. This chapter explains the relationship between the basins variables and drainage networks by using the statistical methods.
Chapter Three: " The morphmetric analysis of the slopes "
It describes the relief character. The studied area can be divided into different belts, e.g. coastal plain, scarpments, mountain belt.
* The area classified into different parts according to the local relief, and the slopping croplith.
* It offers an analysis to the field sections, and slope angles. It was noticed that the slope angles changed on the different parts of various section of slopes.
* This chapter describes the curvature ratio of slopes which have been studied. Increasing the ratio of concave elements indicates the dominance of fluvial erosion in the area. It also describes the forms of the slopes, the slope formation factors, and their evolution, in addition to the main phenomena related to slopes.
Chapter Four: "The coastal forms in the study area"
It deals with the general features of the coastal plain and the most important geomorphological forms along coast.
The coastal forms include; corrosion forms e.g. the coastal cliffs, wave-cut platforms, headlands, and lagoons, besides caves and rocky horns.
This chapter also describes the depositional forms like shores, sabkha, and the forms of wind accumulation e.g. the sand dunes and sand sheets.
The chapter discuses different shapes resulting from the Eustatic changes,
Chapter Five: "Geomorphological forms of the area"
This area can be divided according to their origin into three parts:
* The First part deals with Structural Forms, which include; the faults scarp, the hog's back, and the horsts.
The Second part deals with land forms made by the running water. It describes The geomorphologic features on both longitudinal profiles and cross sections, the streams pattern ( straight streams, sinuous streams, meandering, and the braided ).
The third part deals with wind forms erosion made by wind, e.g. ripples marks, and sand accumulation.
Chapter six: It concerned with studying of geomorphological hazards like; flash floods, mass movement slopes, growing salt crystals and wave erosion.
* This chapter introduced the trail of solutions to prevent hazards and help to adapt with them to eliminate the possible harms.
Beside this it offers the most important economic possibilities and benefits .
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