النظم البيئية ومشكلاتها في محافظة دمياط
دراسة في الجغرافية البيئية
رسالة مقدمة للحصول على درجة الماجستير في الآداب
بقسم الجغرافيا - كلية الآداب
جامعة القاهرة
إعداد
أسماء كمال الدين حسين حامد
المعيدة بقسم الجغرافيا - كلية الآداب
جامعة القاهرة
إشراف
أ.د. محمد صبري محسوب سليم
رئيس قسم الجغرافيا الأسبق - جامعة القاهرة
ووكيل كلية الآداب الأسبق لشئون الطلاب- جامعة القاهرة
د. عوض عبد المعبود سالم
The Environmental Systems and its
Problems in Damietta Governorate
A Study In Environmental Geography
MA. Thesis Submitted to Geography Department Faculty of Arts, Cairo University
Prepared By
Asmaa Kamal Eldin Hussien Hamed
Supervisored By
Prof. Mohammed Sabry Mahsop
Dr. Awad Abdel-Mabod Salem
Cairo - 2014
The Environmental Systems and its
Problems in Damietta Governorate
A Study In Environmental Geography
Abstract
The province of Damietta is characterized by a geographical diversity, which is reflected in its environmental diversity, it is considered as a part of a larger eco-system in which the image of an open ecosystem has been completed. The administrative boundaries did not define any eco-system, and not a reason to stop the continuity of the flow of matter and energy to and from the neighbouring ecosystems. The study has been extended to include the ecological ideology which enabled the human element to exploit its available natural systems.
The study consists of five chapters, preceded by an introduction include location of the study area, the reasons for the subject choice, and also includes the goals of the proposed study, methodology, resources, previous studies, and followedby a conclusion to view the most important findings, recommendations of the study ,and a list of sources and references. Contents of this study are shown as below ...
The first chapter confer (Geographical aspects of the province of Damietta) through the study of these natural and a geographical aspect, which includes a display of geological formations, surface sediments, morphological features, climatic conditions, quality of the soil, and water resources in the governorate. In addition to a study about the aspects of human geography, which included the characteristics of the population,age and sex structures, educational status, and the most important economic activities which is done by the residents of the study area .
The second chapter examines (The coastal Ecosystem and its problems) determining the coastal system and the regulatory framework of its limits and its dimensions, followed by a study of the morphological and hydrological coastal characteristics. It also contains a study about the bioticand abiotic componentsrelated to this coastal system. The chapter is finished with an applied study to the most important problems experienced by the coastal system to determine the best solutions in order to address them in the light of the environmental assessment of the system .
The third chapter is studying (River Ecosystem –Damietta canal branch –and its problems) in the framework of the administrative boundaries of the canal, which represents the minimum sector of Damietta branch within the study area, by selecting the dimensions of the channel and its morphological and hydrological characteristics. Including also a study of the bioticand abioticcomponents related to the river system. The chapter ends up with a presentation of the most important problems facing the ecosystem of the river during the environmental assessment of the situation trying to develop compatible solutions to the problems found there.
Chapter four deals with a study about (Lacustrine Ecosystem -Manzala Lake -and its problems), in the basin of North West, located in the administrative framework for the province of Damietta, although it is an integral part of a larger system in Manzala Lake. The study is concentrated in identifying the morphological and hydrological characteristics of the lake basin, followed by a study about the characteristics of the biotic and abiotic organisms associated with the lacustrine system, then stand on the most important problems faced by the lacustrinesystem in the framework of the study area according to an environmental assessment of the system trying to develop solutions for its problems .
Chapter five (Human Ecosystem at the province of Damietta) is an attempt to adopt the type of the ecosystem of the human, such as a geographical study that enables the geographer to participate positively in the areas of the environmental planning, solving the environmental problems according to a scientific basisconsidering the development of the human ecosystem limits, determining the general characteristics that illustrate the changes that the system have exposed since the beginning of its formation. The chapter is followed by a study of the of the non-living components represented in the natural environment resources, which contributes in attracting the human element or the living component in certain places, it’s also followed by an analysis of the dimensions of the relationship between the bioticand living components in the system, by selecting a range of models produced by this relationship that contributed in the creation of a state of imbalance in the ecosystem within the study areawhich reveals the problems that have hindered the development of parts of the system. The chapter ends with a trial to develop proposals solving the problems faced by this system.
The study concludes with a presentation of the most important findings and recommendations, which provide solutions and alternatives which can be used to reduce the negative effects of environmental problems and prevent its aggravation.
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