أثر الصراع المائي على العلاقات بين دول حوض نهر النيل
1980 - 2014
رسالة دكتوراه - جامعة الزعيم الأزهري السودان
إعداد : نعمة علي محمد علي
إشراف : ناصر علي أبو طه
2014 م
الكلمات الافتتاحية :العلوم السياسية والدراسات الإستراتيجية - العلوم السياسية - المياه - منازعات دولية - دول حوض النيل - علاقات خارجية
Abstract
This research investigated the issue of water needs in the River Nile Basin and the best manner of distribution and potential utilization of the same, in light of the annual-basis increase of international conflicts over the rights of utilization of international water resources.
The research temporal limits are the period from1980 to 2014. The research problem is duly put forward in the following main research question: To what extent does the international conflict over water affects the River Nile Basin? The research significance stemmed from the growing international concerns over the issue of water, which rendered the same being placed at the vanguard of the international events by conducting regular conferences and symposiums in the region of the River Nile Basin.
The research significance also lies in the severe tensions and conflicts between the states of the region over the sharing and utilization of water, this in addition to the negative implications of climate change on the water.
The research aimed to know the extent to which it is possible to establish a cooperation mechanism between the River Nile Basin countries.
The research also aimed to know the position of water within the jurisdiction of the international law and provisions thereof, regarding the rivers shared water.
The research further aimed to know the effective strategy to be adhered by the River Nile Basin countries, in respect of dams and the commitment to the principle of prior notification.
The research, on the other hand, aimed to know the policies of the River Nile Basin countries towards water security, and the extent to which the same in turn affects the food security.
The research is based on a sole hypothesis as per the following context: International conflict over water and international interests have negatively affected the water relations and cooperation between the River Nile Basin countries and led to undermine the regional power of the same. To affect the case study, the research used the descriptive approach, the legal approach and the statistical approach.
The research has reached a number of research findings the most important of which are the following: The strategy of a cooperation mechanism deemed as the most successful methods to establish shared development to achieve the interests of the overall parties without causing prejudice or doing harm to any one of the regional states. The research also highlighted the significance of the role of some international institutions which have a particular concern negatively or positively over the issues and conflict of water such as the World Bank and the UNESCO.
The research further highlighted the significance of water security, which deemed synonymous to the concept of state national security, since the same includes such important aspects which have a clear effect on security, stability and development.
The research concluded with a set of recommendations key of which are the following: The research fully recommended establishing of comprehensive coordination and settlement mechanism between the overall River Nile Basin countries, in order to achieve the optimal exploitation of water resources in its overall utilizations, pursuant to the actual needs of each country, without threat of the use of force, and through the establishment of an organization concerned with the River Nile Basin affairs to supervise the implementation of the agreement.
The research highly recommended resolving the political outstanding issues between the River Nile Basin countries by peaceful means, since, for the most part they are border countries.
The research strongly recommended having particular attention to develop alternative resources.
The research highly recommended repealing the principle of absolute sovereignty and recognition of the right of every state of the River Nile Basin countries to implement its own water projects to safeguard its food security without causing prejudice to other countries.
The research particularly recommended adopting the preemptive security and early warning concept, as well as evaluating the environmental impacts of water projects and considered the same as the reliable yardstick against which to establish water project and measure its continuity or otherwise, its suspension or prevention.
The research specifically recommended using the diplomatic means (political) in the international conflict resolution.
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