R&D strategy, metropolitan externalities and productivity: evidence from Sweden
HANS LO¨O¨F
Royal Institute of Technology, Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Stockholm, Sweden,
BO¨RJE JOHANSSON
Jonkoping International Business School, Jo¨nko¨ping, Sweden, † Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Stockholm, Sweden, ††CIRCLE, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Industry and Innovation, 2014 Vol. 21, No. 2, 141–154:
ABSTRACT
This paper studies the influence of metropolitan externalities on productivity for different types of long-run R&D engagement based on information from the Community Innovation Survey.We apply a dynamic general method of moments model to a panel of manufacturing and service firms with different locations in Sweden, classified as a metropolitan region, the largest metropolitan region, a metropolitan city, the largest metropolitan city and a nonmetropolitan area. This analysis generates three distinct results. First, the productivity premium associated with persistent R&D is close to 8 per cent in nonmetro locations and about 14 per cent in the largest city. Second, a firm without any R&D engagement does not benefit at all from the external milieu in metro areas. Third, no productivity premium is associated with occasional R&D effort regardless of the firm’s location.
KEY WORDS: R&D, innovation strategy, productivity, metropolitan, externalities
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