Atlas of Saudi Arabian Red Sea Marine Habitats
A. Bruckner, G. Rowlands, B. Riegl, S. Purkis, A. Williams, and P. Renaud
Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation (U.S.).
Edition, illustrated. Publisher, Living Oceans Foundation, 2012.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Preface
Message from HRH Prince Khaled bin Sultan
Message from Captain Philip Renaud
Introduction
Geology of the Red Sea
Tectonic evolution of the Red Sea basin
Oceanographic evolution of the Red Sea
Climate and Oceanography of the Red Sea
Seasonal climate cycles and local wind systems
Water currents and circulation
Waves and tides
Water temperatures
Rainfall, evaporation, and salinity
Sea level change
Optical Remote Sensing
Optical sensors used for this project
Groundtruthing
Single-beam sonar
Sub-bottom profiler
Photography and videography
Spectral reflectance measurements
Image preparation
Preprocessing
Optically derived water depth
Calculating water depth
Water column correction
Image masking
Hyperspectral image processing
Thematic habitat maps
Image Classification
Edge-detection
Spectral classification
Textural analysis
Contextual editing
Filtering
Quality control
Accuracy assessment
A GIS-ready map product
Data conversion
Major Biotopes of the Red Sea Coastline
Coral reefs
Seagrass beds
Algal mats and Algal reefs
Mangroves
Habitat Classification Scheme
Habitat Classes
Windward coral crests
Leeward coral crests
Columnar frameworks
Reef walls/drop-offs
Dense Acropora thickets
Scoured channels
Carbonate hardgrounds and reef flats
Mangroves and nearshore vegetation
Seagrass meadows
Shallow sand sheets
Cyanbobacteria mats on sand
Deep lagoonal sands
Sand and mud flats
Sparse corals, rubble, and sand
Macroalgae and sponges on sandy hardgrounds
References
Habitat Maps of the Saudi Arabian Red Sea
Ras Al-Qasabah
Al Wajh
Yanbu
Farasan Banks
Farasan Islands
Full Text
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