GIS modelling for new landfill sites: critical review of employed criteria and methods of selection criteria

GIS modelling for new landfill sites: critical review of employed criteria and methods of selection criteria

Sohaib K. M. Abujayyab1, Mohd Sanusi S. Ahamad1, Ahmad Shukri Yahya1, Mohammed J.K. Bashir2 andHamidi Abdul Aziz1,3

1School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, P. Pinang, Malaysia

2Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), University Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. 

3Solid Waste Management Cluster, Science and Engineering Research Centre, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.Corresponding author E-mail: s.jayyab@hotmail.com

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 37, 2016, 

Abstract

   Policy makers and the public are increasingly concerned with the determination of landfill-siting input criteria (DLSIC) in landfill modelling procedures as an area of research. Thus, its procedures are complicated and decision makers are increasingly pressured. These procedures can be considerably develop in order to reduce the negative effect of landfill locations on the environment, economy, and society. In this review article, literature related to the developments of 64 models and their procedures in the past 18 years (from 1997 to 2014) were comprehensively survey. DLSIC are determined through a conventional method. The frequency of criterion usage reflects the limitation of Conventional method for DLSIC. Moreover, some of these studies utilize unrelated criteria that are time-consuming, costly, arduous, and fruitless. Potential improvement in Geographic information systems GIS modelling parameter for landfill sites via utilizing multivariate analysis (MVA) instead of Conventional method (CM) through for DLSIC (e.g., Input variables, Accuracy, objectivity, reliability of criteria, time consumption, cost and comprehensiveness) were emphasize. It can be conclude that expenses can be reduce by implementing MVA in DLSIC for landfill modelling using geographic information systems (GIS) based on the corresponding significant level. Moreover, the determined criteria can be accurate, satisfying, sufficient, and free of bias from experts and human error.

1. Introduction 

  The process of searching for a new municipal waste disposal site is time-consuming [1]. The related procedures are extremely complex because its involve combination of several knowledge from diverse interesting areas, and numerous gatherings are in charge of or influenced by the outcomes [2][3–5]. To properly identify and select appropriate landfill sites, systematic procedures must be adopted and followed carefully [6]. [7] stated that the determination of suitable landfill locations is a decision that requires extensive land evaluation. Therefore, the process of landfill siting considers environmental, ecological, and technical parameters [8,9]. The selected locations must also fulfil the necessities of existing legislative guidelines and reduce health and environmental expenses in the meantime [10]. Furthermore, design considerations, area availability and prospects of development. Similarly, [11] concluded that Geographic information systems (GIS) modelling for new landfill sites must take operational and economic issues into account. In addition; insurance and social considerations and political opposition explained through the phenomenon “not in my back yard (NIMBY)” [12–15]. On the other hand, GIS modelling aims to find suitable spatial patterns for upcoming landuse based on exact constraints, preferences or predictions of some activity. The spatial nature of modelling of new landfill sites problem involves the usage of GIS to expand the traditional frameworks in order to concern equally spatial and attributes data. According to McHarg’s map layering theory [16], these frameworks constructed to reinforced performance and managing geographic data to improve their part in landfill GIS modeling. Additionally, the synergy between multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques and previous frameworks come from the improvement of multicriteria spatial decision support systems (MC-SDSS). The aim of synergizing is to rating the suitable sites based on their significance in sustaining modelling goals. The research of MC-SDSS concentrations on improving software packages and decision techniques, which lead to facilitate the assessment process to select the new landfill sites. 

   Recent last two decades, a noteworthy number of articles conducting for landfill GIS modelling. It demonstrates the benefits resulting through the synergy of MCDA and GIS. Development of framework is mutual practice between these publications, which intention to modelling the landfill sites. These frameworks delivers consistent stages for handling conflicting objectives among the diverse involved crowds that react with decision making procedure, as well as in the meantime to deliver compromises between the conflicting aims. In addition, it permits the analyzer to consider the stakeholders preferences. These frameworks contain coherent sequence of stages. It can be discriminate through four stages. First, determining objective trees and identifying maps of constraint and factor criterion. Second, execute standardization procedures on the maps. Third, in choice stage, specific decision rule implemented to the set of the criteria in order to generated map of suitability index and classify it. Forth, to define the robustness of the modelling result, sensitivity analysis were implemented [17]. Consequently, in implementation stage, trustiness evaluated for the new sites through assessment of public opposition. On the off chance that the chosen site does not fulfil the expectations, then all prior four stage require to recurrence till ensures minimizes environmental consequences and achieving public acceptance. 

   In addition, policy makers and the public are increasingly aware and concerned with the environmental problem related to landfill-siting criteria. Thus, landfilling procedures must consider numerous of the different related criteria and variables [18] involved in the selection of a proper site for healthy urban landfills [19]. Consequently, GIS modelling framework for landfill site are complicated and decision-makers are increasingly pressured [2,5]. However, the number of considered criteria for landfill modelling increases, which may result in the adoption of unnecessary criteria that will be high cost, time-consuming, and wasting resources without reaping any benefit. In contrast; it potential to disregarded some significant criteria, or consider some criteria as more important than it’s real important due to vague and subjective estimates. Consequently decision-makers may make poor siting decisions and inappropriate landfill sites might be selected [18]. Moreover, these problems can have negative and far-reaching effects on the environment, economy and ecology situations. Recently, various methods have been widely employed to determine a list of related criteria for landfill GIS modelling framework without testing their suitability. Conventional method (CM) to selecting the significant criteria such as guidelines, regulation requirements, previous literature and expert interviews were used recently. 

  This article aim to review the employed criteria and methods of selection criteria concerning landfill GIS modelling to clarifying its problems in this filed and propose guidelines for future research. In this paper, (1) an extensive survey of GIS modelling scientific published literature and critically reviews to determine the list of the used criteria and criterion usage scores. (2) demonstration and evaluation for the employed methods for selecting GIS criteria which implemented formerly in past 18 years for landfill GIS modelling were performed, and (3) investigate the potential improvement of the implementing spatial multivariate analysis SMVA method over the covenantal method CM to determine the landfill siting input criteria (DLSIC). 

4. Conclusions 

  A comprehensively surveys literature conduct related to the developments of 75 landfill modelling models and their procedures in the past 18 years (from 1997 to 2014) reflects the growing awareness of this research scope. Approximately 80 criteria used in previous works to evaluate land for landfill modelling given different importance levels. In addition, the different criteria lists derived from previous models are justified by data availability, which are relate to the application area and are suitable for landfill policies. The varied frequency in the input criteria of previous models reflects an imbalance in determination of criteria in landfill modelling and limitation. This imbalance induces miscalculations and various problems. Moreover, this result signifies that dissimilarities in the input criteria increase the cost of search procedures for new landfill sites. The DLSIC methods in landfill modelling were develop based on previous literature, expert interviews, guidelines and regulation requirements, and questionnaires. The use of MVA determination instead of conventional determination in landfill modelling could be progressed from a costly, less scientific, and less efficient approach to a highly scientific technique that is very beneficial. These benefits are induce by the different DLSIC procedures and are as follows: (1) time-scale reduction, which implicitly lowers cost in most cases; (2) a decline in the number of steps of overall procedures to eliminate the need for expert interviews and data collection, manipulation, modeling, and weighting; and (3) the increased effectiveness of overall procedures. These benefits suggest that the final models obtained from MVA for DLSIC procedures may be more economically competitive than those generated using conventional techniques. MVA determination technology recently has been applies for DLSIC in landfill modelling. Nonetheless, no research has been conduct on the DLSIC in landfill modelling using GIS based on spatial measurements obtained through MVA. Based on this review and to the best of our knowledge. The same is true with respect to research on site selection for GIS spatial modelling and planning fields. Thus, future studies should aim to understand the procedures of low-cost DLSIC in landfill modelling using GIS and to demonstrate MVA effectively. Furthermore, none of the previous studies tested the significant levels of landfill modelling criteria using MVA techniques, to the best of our knowledge. 

Acknowledgements 

  The authors graciously acknowledge the funding support from the University Sains Malaysia (USM) through the USM Fellowship and University Sains Malaysia (RU Grant 814219). In addition, the authors graciously acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education for their funding allocation under (FRGS grant 6071258). This work is also funded by Universiti Sains Malaysia under Iconic grant scheme (Grant no. 1001/CKT/870023) for research associated with the Solid Waste Management Cluster, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia.  

References

[1] Guiqin W., Li Q. and Lijun C. 2009 Landfill site selection using spatial information technologies and AHP: A case study in Beijing, China J. Environ. Manage. 90 2414-2421 

[2] Demesouka O.E., Vavatsikos A.P. and Anagnostopoulos K.P. 2013 Suitability analysis for siting MSW landfills and its multicriteria spatial decision support system: method, implementation and case studyWaste Manag 33 1190-1206

[3] Gorsevski P. V, Donevska K.R., Mitrovski C.D. and Frizado J.P. 2012 Integrating multi-criteria evaluation techniques with geographic information systems for landfill site selection: a case study using ordered weighted average Waste Manag 32 287-296

[4] Sharifi M., Hadidi M., Vessali E., Mosstafakhani P. and Taheri K. 2009 Integrating multi-criteria decision analysis for a GIS-based hazardous waste landfill sitting in Kurdistan Province ,western IranWaste Manag 29 2740-2758

[5] Yesilnacar M.I., Süzen M.L., ŞKaya B. and Doyuran V. 2011 Municipal solid waste landfill site selection for the city of Şanliurfa-Turkey: an example using MCDA integrated with GIS Int. J. Digit. Earth. 5 147-164

[6] Babalola A. and Busu I. 2011 Selection of landfill sites for solid waste treatment in Damaturu Town-using GIS techniques J. Environ. Prot. (Irvine,. Calif) 2 1-10

[7] Effat H. and Hegazy M. 2012 Mapping potential landfill sites for North Sinai cities using spatial multicriteria evaluation Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Sp. Sci. 15 125-133

[8] Uyan M. 2014 MSW landfill site selection by combining AHP with GIS for Konya, Turkey Environ. Earth Sci. 71 1629-1639

[9] Zamorano M., Molero E., Hurtado Á., Grindlay A. and Ramos Á. 2008 Evaluation of a municipal landfill site in Southern Spain with GIS-aided methodology J. Hazard. Mater. 160 473-481

[10] Nazari A., Salarirad M.M. and Bazzazi A.A. 2012 Landfill site selection by decision-making tools based on fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making method Environ. Earth Sci. 65 1631-1642

[11] Delgado O.B., Mendoza M., Granados E.L. and Geneletti D. 2008 Analysis of land suitability for the siting of inter-municipal landfills in the Cuitzeo Lake Basin, Mexico Waste Manag 28 1137-1146

[12] Khamehchiyan M., Nikoudel M. and Boroumandi M. 2011 Identification of hazardous waste landfill site: a case study from Zanjan province, Iran Environ. Earth Sci. 64 1763-1776

[13] Kontos T.D., Komilis D.P. and Halvadakis C.P. 2003 Siting MSW landfills on Lesvos island with a GIS-based methodology Waste Manag. Res. 21 262-277

[14] Şener B., Suzen M.L. and Doyuran V. 2006 Landfill site selection by using geographic information systems Environ. Geol. 49 376-388

[15] Vasiljević T.Z., Srdjević Z., Bajčetić R. and Miloradov M.V. 2012 GIS and the analytic hierarchy process for regional landfill site selection in transitional countries: a case study from Serbia Environ. Manage.49 445-458

[16] Yang B., Li M.-H. and Li S. 2013 Design-with-Nature for Multifunctional Landscapes: Environmental Benefits and Social Barriers in Community Development Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 10 5433-5458

[17]Malczewski J. 1999 GIS and multicriteria decision analysis

[18] Ghobadi M.H., Babazadeh R. and Bagheri V. 2013 Siting MSW landfills by combining AHP with GIS in Hamedan province, western Iran Environ. Earth Sci 70 1823-1840

[19] Shahabi H., Keihanfard S., Bin Ahmad B., Amiri M.J.T. and Boolean Evaluating 2014 AHP and WLC methods for the selection of waste landfill sites using GIS and satellite images Environ. Earth Sci. 714221-4233

[20] Alexakis D., Sarris A. and Integrated 2013 GIS and remote sensing analysis for landfill sitting in Western Crete, Greece Environ. Earth Sci. 1-16

[21] Banar M., Kose B.M., Ozkan A. and Acar I.P. 2007 Choosing a municipal landfill site by analytic network process Environ. Geol. 52 747-751

[22] Basaiaoclu H., Celenk E., Mariulo M.A. and Usul N. 1997 SELECTION OF WASTE DISPOSAL SITES USING GIS1, JAWRA J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 33 455-464

[23] Chua E.J.M. and Sahid Leong 2011 Sustainable municipal solid waste management and GHG abatement in Malaysia ST-4 Green Energy Manag. 04 1-8

[24] Eskandari M., Homaee M., Mahmoodi S. and Pazira E. 2013 Integrating GIS and AHP for Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site Selection J. Basic Appl. Sci. Res. 3 588-595

[25] Jung S.K. 2011 An integrative approach for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill selection: A case study of O'ahu, Hawai'i

[26] Jusoh J. and Samsudin S. 2007 Improving MSW landfilling system of developing countries: an assessment of current conditions and situations in Kedah, Malaysia Int. J. Manag. Stud. 14 17-33

[27] Meng Y. 2010 Evaluating Web-based Public Participatory GIS for Multicriteria Site Selection Analysis: A Case Study in Canmore Alberta (Canada: The University of Western Ontario)

[28] Moeinaddini M., Khorasani N., Danehkar A., Darvishsefat A.A. and Zienalyan M. 2010 Siting MSW landfill using weighted linear combination and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology in GIS environment (case study: Karaj). Waste Manag 30 912-20

[29] Nas B., Cay T., Iscan F. and Berktay A. 2010 Selection of MSW landfill site for Konya, Turkey using GIS and multi-criteria evaluation Environ. Monit. Assess. 160 491-500

[30] Pradhan B. and Billa L. 2013 GIS modeling for selection of a transfer station site for residential solid waste separation and recycling Pertanika J. Sci. Technol. 21 477-488

[31] Saeed M.O., Aziz H.A. and Sanusi M. 2012 A review of Municipal solid waste landfill siting techniquesGlob. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2 1-10

[32] Shaikh M.A. 2006 Using GIS in Solid Waste Management Planning: A case study for Aurangabad, India

[33]Tang Z. 2006 Selecting optimal residential locations using fuzzy GIS modeling

[34] iulia fontanine valentina mănoiu romulus costache, prăvălie remus and mitof iulian 2013 Using gis techniques for assessing waste landfill placement suitability. case study: prahova county, romaniaGeogr. Tech. 8 47-56

[35] Yal G. and Akgün H. 2014 Landfill site selection utilizing TOPSIS methodology and clay liner geotechnical characterization: a case study for Ankara, Turkey Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 73 369-388

[36] Ahmad S.Z., Sanusi M. and Yusoff M.S. 2013 Spatial effect of new municipal solid waste landfill siting using different guidelines Waste Manag. Res. 32 24-33

[37] Lin H.-Y.K. and Jehng-Jung 1999 Enhanced spatial model for landfill siting analysis J. Environ. Eng.125 845-851

[38] Mahamid S. Thawaba 2010 Multi criteria and landfill site selection using GIS: a case study from Palestine Open Environ. Eng. J. 3 33-41

[39] Romali N.S., Ishak W.F.W., Mokhtar N.B. and Samah M.A.A. 2013 Solid Waste Management Development Of AHP Model for Application of Landfill Sites Selection in Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia

[40] M. Ministry of Housing and Local Government 2005 Criteria for Siting Sanitary Landfills: National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Malaysia)

[41] Al-Ansari N., Pusch R. and Knutsson S. 2013 Suggested landfill sites for hazardous waste in Iraq Nat. Sci. 5 463-477

[42] Paul K., Dutta A. and Krishna 2014 A Comprehensive Study on Landfill Site Selection for Kolkata CityJ. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 64 846-861

[43] Yesilnacar M.I. and Cetin H. 2005 Site selection for hazardous wastes: A case study from the GAP area, Turkey Eng. Geol. 81 371-388

[44] Abdullah L., Naim N. and Wahab A.F. 2011 Determination of weight for landfill-siting criteria under conflicting bifuzzy preference relation J Sustain Sci Manag. 6 139-147

[45] Milevski Dimitrovska and Markoski Svemir 2012 Optimal landfill site selection as prevention of diseases Tradit. Mod. Med. Geogr. Disaster Med. 1 100-106

[46] Dadras M. A.R.M. and Faijad. B 2010 Integration of GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis for urban solid waste management and site selection landfill in Bandar Abbas city, south of Iran Int. Geoinformatics Res. Dev. J. 1 14-27

[47] Vatalis Manoliadis 2002 A two-level multicriteria DSS for landfill site selection using GIS: case study in western Macedonia, Greece J. Geogr. Inf. Decis. Anal. 6 49-56

[48] Abdalqader A.F. 2011 Landfills needs assessment in Gaza strip and sites selection using GIS

[49] Gbanie S.P., Tengbe P.B., Momoh J.S., Medo J. and Kabba V.T.S. 2013 Modelling landfill location using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA): Case study Bo, Southern Sierra Leone Appl. Geogr. 36 3-12

[50] Lunkapis G.J., Ahmad N., Shariff A.R.M. and Mansor S. 2002 GIS as Decision Support Tool for Landfills Sitting (Town and Regional Planning, Sabah: University Putra Malaysia and GIS Support Unit)

[51] Moghaddas N.H. and Namaghi H.H. 2011 Hazardous waste landfill site selection in Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeastern Iran Arab. J. Geosci. 4 103-113

[52] Azman M.N.A., Sanusi M., Hamid Z.A., Gomez C.P., Anuar K., Hilmi N.D. et al 2012 The Selection of IBS Precast Manufacturing Plant in Malaysia Using GIS Malaysian Constr. Res. J. 10 1-180

[53]Gorsevski P. V., Donevska K.R., Mitrovski C.D. and Frizado J.P. 2012 Integrating multi-criteria evaluation techniques with geographic information systems for landfill site selection: A case study using ordered weighted average Waste Manag 32 287-296

[54] Houshyar H., Location and Capacity Assessment 2014 Disposal Sites, Municipal Waste Using a Hybrid Model of AHP and Boolean (City Bukan: Sci. Park. I) Case Study

[55] Despotakis Economopoulos 2007 A GIS model for landfill sitting Glob. NEST J 9 29-34

[56] El Alfy Zeinhom, Elhadary Rasha and Elashry Ahmed 2010 Integrating GIS and MCDM to Deal with Landfill Site Selection Int. J. Eng. Technol. IJET. 10 33-40

[57] Ahmad S.Z., Sanusi M. and Yusoff M.S. 2013 Spatial Comparison of New Landfill Sites Using Criteria Derived From Different Guidelines Res. J. 29 29-39

[58] Demesouka O.E., Vavatsikos a. P. and Anagnostopoulos K.P. 2013 Suitability analysis for siting MSW landfills and its multicriteria spatial decision support system: Method, implementation and case studyWaste Manag 33 1190-1206

[59] Hussin W. 2010 Modeling landfill suitability based on multi-criteria decision making methodInterdiscip. Themes J. 2 20-30

[60] Biotto G., Silvestri S., Gobbo L., Furlan E., Valenti S. and Rosselli R. 2009 GIS, multi-criteria and multi-factor spatial analysis for the probability assessment of the existence of illegal landfills Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 23 1233-1244

[61] OzeairAbessi M.S. 2009 Site selection of a hazardous waste landfill using GIS technique and priority processing, a power plant waste in Qazvin Province case example Environ. Sci. 6 121-134

[62] Jaafar W.Z.W. 2008 How GIS can be a useful tool to deal with landfill site selection Int. Symp. Geoinformatics Spat. Infrastruct. Dev. Earth Allied Sci. . 2 535-541

[63] Nas B., Cay T., Iscan F. and Berktay A. 2010 Selection of MSW landfill site for Konya Turkey using GIS and multi-criteria evaluation 160 491-500

[64] Ersoy H. and Bulut F. 2009 Spatial and multi-criteria decision analysis-based methodology for landfill site selection in growing urban regions Waste Manag. Res. 27 489-500

[65] Akbari V., Rajabi M.A., Chavoshi S.H. and Shams R. 2008 Landfill site selection by combining GIS and fuzzy multi criteria decision analysis, case study: Bandar Abbas, Iran World Appl. Sci. J. 3 39-47

[66] Daneshvar R. 2005 Customizing ArcMap interface to generate a user-friendly landfill site selection GIS tool J. Solid Waste Technol. Manag. 31 1-12

[67] Ebistu T.A. and Minale A.S. 2013 Solid waste dumping site suitability analysis using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing for Bahir Dar Town, North Western Ethiopia African J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 7 976-989

[68] Malczewski J. 2006 GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 20 703-726

[69] Mornya A.A. 2010 Identification of potential landfill sites by using GIS and multicriteria method in Batam, Indonesia

[70] Greene R. 2010 Addressing Accessibility Challenges of GIS-based Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis for Integrated Land Management: Case study in the Humber region of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (Canada: Memorial University of Newfoundland)

[71] Afzali A., Samani J.M. V and Rashid M. 2011 Municipal landfill site selection for Isfahan City by use of fuzzy logic and analytic hierarchy process, Iranian J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 8 273-284.

Full Text

Click Here