نمو وتوزيع السكان وأثره على الامتداد العمراني
في منطقة مصراتة
دراسة جغرافية
رسالة مقدمة لنيل للحصول على درجة الدكتوراه في الآداب
من قسم الجغرافيا بكلية الآداب - جامعة المنصورة
إعداد الطالب
علي عطية محمد أبوحمرة
إشراف
أ.د. السعيد إبراهيم البدوي
أستاذ الجغرافيا البشرية بقسم الجغرافيا
بمعهد البحوث والدراسات الأفريقية
بجامعة القاهرة
د. وائل عبد الله إبراهيم
مدرس الجغرافية البشرية بقسم الجغرافيا
كلية الآداب - جامعة القاهرة
Growth and distributionof the population and its impact on urban extension in the area of Musurata in Libya
(Geographical study)
Ph,D,Thesis in Geography
Created by:
Ali Atiya Mohammed Abo Hamra
Under the supervision of
Prof,Al Saeed Ibrahim Al Badawi
Professor of Human Geography,
Department of Geography at the
Institute of African Research
and Studies at Cairo University
Dr,Wael Abdullah Ibrahim
Instructor Human Geography
Department of Geography Faculty of Arts,
Al Mansoura University
Academic year 2013
ABSTRACT
This study population growth and distribution and its impact on urban sprawl in the area of Misrata in Libya, the region ranked third in terms of the importance economic and population in Libya. Thanks to its location on the link road between the East and west and North South, making it a crossroads of trade since ancient times, And which contributed to the increase of such importance at the present time, a seaport in the region.
This study includes seven chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion, in addition to the list of sources and references (Arabic and English) and contained this study (37) and table (62) and (7) pictures and form(10)attached, and included the following chapters:
• Chapter I:
This chapter addresses origins of the population and population growth in the region and its affiliated stores. In addition to study the components of natural population growth and fertilityof non-natural deaths and of migration, Which shed light on the population growth for the period from 1973 to 2006 and that period was divided into two phases stage increase in the growth rate for the period from 2954 to 1984, and the stage of decline in the growth phase for the period from 1984 to 2006, It showed the reasons that may be the cause of it, whether political, economic or social, which in turn affected the components of natural population growth of fertility and mortality, The area was expelling the population before the eighties where a large proportion of them emigrated to work in Tripoli or Benghazi, With the opening of the port and the only iron plant in Libya contributed to the increasing importance of the region became economically attractive area for residents.
• Chapter II:
This chapter deals with population distribution and density and the factors influencing it, in addition to family size and the degree of overcrowding and measure the population spatial relations, Where between numerical and relative distribution of the population in the area of Misratah population rise in shops around the city center and drop whenever we moved away from the center and particularly towards the south, and had impact in the high population density in those places, And decreased the size of the family and the number of its members from 1973 to 2006, The curve to Oranz the away line ideal for actual distribution of the population, which is indicated by the concentration of population in areas and lack of concentration in other areas, It was the natural and human factors in that role, especially in the presence of salt marshes and sand dunes that have limited the spread of the population in important areas around the sea suitable for the settlement of the population.
• Chapter III:
This chapter includes growth and urban sprawl since ancient times and until the beginning of the third millennium and the factors affecting it. In addition to four-wheel analysis of growth and urban sprawl in the region, The urban centers began to appear with advent Alveniqeyen to the region and the centers then spread with the arrival of the Romans and the Islamic conquest, the Ottomans and until the advent of the Italian colonizers, The longer the period of the sixties the actual beginning of urban development where the government has the first job of a development plan for the development of Libya in general and a private study area two years after the export of oil, Followed by a long-term action plan for the period from 1966 to 1988, known first-generation scheme followed by a second-generation scheme for the period 1980 to 2000, where both contributed to the spread of urbanization in the region, Natural factors played a role in human and along the region's urbanization, Four-analysis was performed which indicated that the region has strengths contribute to urban sprawl and the most important of which location and transportation network aspects of the surface and groundwater currently provides, Add to the availability of land space that could contribute to the movement of construction, and the fact that the region as a regional hub for neighboring areas, However, it is not without its weaknesses, most notably coastal marshes and hills and the work of a large proportion of the population to services, In addition to the adoption of heavy industry on the ore resources outside the region as there are opportunities to be tapped in urban growth, most notably the application of the third generation of urban schemes and fiscal policy that the State shall endeavor to give priority to the region in the post-war reconstruction, However, there are risks to be seen into consideration and perhaps the most important of the spread of remnants of war in addition to earthquakes, dust storms that blow over the region in summer, especially in the southern regions.
• Chapter IV:
This chapter concentrate the study on the uses of land in the region in the first generation schemes for the period from 1966-1988 and the second generation for the period 1980 to 2000. In addition to the use of remote sensing in the study of land use in the region for the period from 1984 to 2012, And showed a map of land use in the area of Misrata, both in the charts or by satellite images of the evolution of urban use where Omran spilled from the city center towards the east, west and south, and otherwise the urban sprawl was more scattered, particularly in the south of the region, And formed a marsh is a problem in the urban sprawl to the east and south-east, where still those places experiencing aren't urban.
• Chapter V:
This chapter included the impact of population growth in urban sprawl, and the manifestations and problems of urban growth in the area of Misrata in addition to the position of the State of the problems of unplanned urban sprawl, The study showed a strong positive relationship between population growth and urban growth area of Misrata, where regression line between the form of the relationship, The study came to the in discriminate urban growth, which spread around the airport south of the city center, and touched on the study and development of educational services and the efficiency which suffer from a lack of diversity more than a number, The health services have witnessed a decline in the efficiency in terms of the lack of deployment and the lack of services covered, As for the infrastructure of the transport network has seen a decline in efficiency and in particular that of paved roads has spread around the city center, while other regions have seen the lack of paved roads, The drainage network was more a decline in the level of efficiency has the network was limited to parts of the city center and new residential neighborhoods While the problems relating to the electricity grid was centered on the lack of maintenance centers in many parts of the region and the lack of Relay adapters in rural centers, ,And with regard to the disposal of garbage, the garbage bridge in marshes may not be the appropriate solution may be the perfect solution in the trash recycling plant and the provision of special areas to be assembled, , And the postal network is still suffering from the central city center, and shows the position of the State of unplanned growth in the enactment of laws that regulate the process of urban growth and lack of implementation of these laws may be the reason for the indiscriminate urban growth and encroachment on agricultural land.
Chapter VI:
This chapter represents the population growth in the future of Misrata in the area of population projections up to the year 2031 the total population size, population density and the number of households by age and gender and by type of assembly, Add to the expectations of urban growth in the region and estimate the future needs of the population. It can rely on population projections to estimate future needs of the population and housing services it has become possible to control urban growth and in particular to provide the needs of the population random from different urban centers.
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