دراسة التحولات الحضرية في مدينة البيرة
من ناحية خدمات الطوارئ (الإسعاف و الدفاع مدني)
منذ عام 1997-2016
Study of urban transformation in Al Bireh city with regad to emergency services : first aid and civil defense since 1997 to 2016
إعداد
محمد عبد الكريم فليان
إشراف
كمال عبد الفتاح
قدمت هذه الدراسة استكمالاً لمتطلبات نيل درجة الماجستير
بكلية الآداب - الدراسات العليا بجامعة بيرزيت - فلسطين
2018
Abstract
This research studied the impact of urban transformations on the spatial distribution of emergency situations in Al-Bireh city from 1997 to 2016. In that, it also investigated the impact of the increasing population and residential areas on the spatial distribution of emergency situations, as well as the causes and the numbers of such cases. The aim of the study is to find out the impact of increasing population and housing on the spatial distribution of emergency situations in the light of the rapid urbanization that the city is going through. Also, to find a spatial and temporal relationship between the distribution of emergencies and the urban expansion, in order to understand the phenomenon of urban transformation in the city and to develop appropriate and creative solutions. The method included collecting data from the field. This included primary sources represented by the central archives of the Palestinian Red Crescent Society - Al-Bireh Ambulance Department for the years (1997, 2001, 2004, 2012, 2012 and 2012), the Central Archive of the Palestinian Civil Defense Directorate – Al-Bireh Fire Department (1997, 2001, 2004, 2009, 2012 and 2016), and aerial photographs of the same years, which were obtained from the Palestinian Ministry of Local Government. The method also included interviews with ambulance officers, firefighters, members of Al-Bireh Municipality, as well as some residents of Al-Bireh. The study also relied on secondary sources, such as previous studies, books, scientific research, and websites. The data was analyzed through the Geographic Information Systems (Arcmap 10.5), in order to produce maps and to assess densely populated areas, as well as cases requiring ambulances and firefighting activities.
This research studied the impact of urban transformations on the spatial distribution of emergency situations in Al-Bireh city from 1997 to 2016. In that, it also investigated the impact of the increasing population and residential areas on the spatial distribution of emergency situations, as well as the causes and the numbers of such cases. The aim of the study is to find out the impact of increasing population and housing on the spatial distribution of emergency situations in the light of the rapid urbanization that the city is going through. Also, to find a spatial and temporal relationship between the distribution of emergencies and the urban expansion, in order to understand the phenomenon of urban transformation in the city and to develop appropriate and creative solutions. The method included collecting data from the field. This included primary sources represented by the central archives of the Palestinian Red Crescent Society - Al-Bireh Ambulance Department for the years (1997, 2001, 2004, 2012, 2012 and 2012), the Central Archive of the Palestinian Civil Defense Directorate – Al-Bireh Fire Department (1997, 2001, 2004, 2009, 2012 and 2016), and aerial photographs of the same years, which were obtained from the Palestinian Ministry of Local Government. The method also included interviews with ambulance officers, firefighters, members of Al-Bireh Municipality, as well as some residents of Al-Bireh. The study also relied on secondary sources, such as previous studies, books, scientific research, and websites. The data was analyzed through the Geographic Information Systems (Arcmap 10.5), in order to produce maps and to assess densely populated areas, as well as cases requiring ambulances and firefighting activities.
The study reached several results, the most significant of which was a noticeable change in the area of the urban areas after 1997, reaching up to 13240 km². The population of the city has steadily increased, and the pattern of the suburban sprawl has changed from the method of spreading into the method of filling spaces, as the previous method of suburban sprawl has decreased significantly by 2009. The geopolitical factor has contributed to the formation of the city of Al-Bireh, and has helped in forming the direction of it growth, as it reached its current linear form. The increased population and residential areas has also dramatically increased the spatial distribution of emergency situations and has increased the number of emergencies. The greatest impact has been on the city center, being the central area for the urbanization process, with more space than the rest of the areas, larger populations and greater urban activity. The impact also affected the Radio area, Khallet al-Qar'an area and Umm Al-Sharayt area, where urban transformations increased the number of buildings and population numbers in these areas. Which in turn increased the number of emergencies and thus affected the spatial distribution of emergencies.
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