التحليل الجغرافي للصناعات الحكومية المتوقفة
وآثارها التنموية في محافظتي نينوى وصلاح الدين
أطروحة تقدمت بها الطالبة
ديانا طارق حسن العزاوي
إلى مجلس كلية التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / جامعة تكريت
وهي جزء من متطلبات نيل درجة دكتوراه فلسفة تربية
في الجغرافية - جغرافية بشرية
بإشراف
أ. د. نعمان حسين عطية الجبوري
1445 هـ - 2024م
The Geographical Analysis of the Suspended Governmental
Industries and Their Developmental Impacts in The Provinces
of Nineveh and Salah Al-Din
A dissertation submitted by
Diana Tariq Hassan al-Azza
To the Council of The College of Education for
Humanities, University of Tikrit of the Requirements
in Partial Fulfillment for Obtenning the Doctorate
Degree Educational Philosophy in Geography- Human
Geography
Supervised by
Prof . Dr Numan Hussein Ataai AL-Jubouri
2024 A.D - 1445 A.H
Abstract
This thesis represents a study of the suspended governmental industrial establishments in the provinces of Nineveh and Salah al-Din, totaling (68) suspended industrial facilities. They constitute one of the fundamental pillars of the economy of the study area specifically and the national economy in general before the cessation, especially before the events of the occupation of Iraq in 2003. Through their vital and important role in contributing to the process of economic and social development, these facilities can be relied upon to develop and enhance industrial, agricultural, commercial, and service sectors at the level of the study area provinces and Iraq. This study aimed to identify the geographical factors that contributed to the localization of the suspended industrial facilities in the provinces of the study area and analyze their geographic distribution and spatial patterns, as well as to understand their production capacities.
Before their suspension, and to demonstrate their economic impacts. Additionally, the study analyzed the problems that were among the main reasons for the final cessation of their production operations, and then adopted strategic planning, in line with the requirements of the current and future stages, through optimal investment of natural and human resources, to renew their vital role in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the government industries sector, as well as their important role in the process of economic and social development, using the SWOT analysis method. This method provides a clear vision for decision-makers, whether in the Ministry of Industry and Minerals or the senior management of these facilities, in order to adopt the appropriate strategy that can contribute to restoring the vital and important role of these facilities. The study identified a problem and raised the following questions:
1-What is the classification of the suspended government industries and what is their geographical distribution in the study area?.
2- Do geographical factors play a role in the suspension of government industries in the study area?.
3- Do these suspended government industries play an important role in the national economy, and what is the impact of their suspension on the variation of industrial production in the study area?.
4- What are the main problems that government factories faced leading to their suspension until the present time in the study area?.
5- What are the proposed solutions to restart these industries and to what extent do they contribute to the development of the Iraqi industrial system?.
The study was reinforced by using (51) tables, (16) maps, and (18) graphical forms. Its data constituted a comprehensive spatial geographic information base for the suspended government industrial facilities in the two provinces of the study area. The study adopted the deductive method as its theoretical approach. Additionally, it followed the descriptive method as a written approach. It also followed the regional approach, which is based on analyzing the available geographical factors and how government industrial facilities benefit from them, clarifying the structure of these facilities, their geographic distribution, and the problems they suffer from. This was done through the data and information collected by this study relying on fieldwork, to understand the reality of the political, economic, and social changes that led to the suspension of these facilities and to find strategic solutions to ensure their rehabilitation and operation.
The study yielded several key findings, including that most of the government industrial facilities in the two provinces of the study area are unique in their diversified production at the level of both the study area and Iraq in general. They played an effective role in developing and enhancing economic and social sectors in both provinces and Iraq as a whole. Additionally, they contributed significantly to infrastructure and construction projects, particularly before the events of 2003. Despite facing numerous problems leading to a decrease in their productivity or complete suspension, they effectively contributed to increasing the gross domestic product (GDP) of the industrial sector in Iraq, especially before 2003.
However, several problems and obstacles were the main reasons for their suspension. These included the lack of a stable political and security environment, which led to the destruction of their infrastructure and exposure to looting. Moreover, there was insufficient funding for rehabilitating their infrastructure, production lines, and imported raw materials and spare parts necessary for their operations. Problems related to laws and regulations, such as following a policy of flooding the market with goods and the absence of specific industrial development visions and strategic plans tailored to the industrial reality of these facilities, exacerbated the situation.
Furthermore, administrative and financial corruption was prevalent, coupled with inadequate allocation of these facilities with the required shares of electricity and fuel needed for their operation. As a result, these facilities suffered from widespread disguised unemployment, with a total of 15,363 employees in 2022. Their total annual salaries for the same year amounted to 138,056,551 Iraqi dinars, reflecting the significant economic losses resulting from their suspension. This underscores the urgent need to rehabilitate and operate them through the implementation of development strategies that ensure their revival and restoration to their former status and functionality.
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